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1232. Hydrophysical characteristics in water-repellent tropical Eucalyptus, Pine, and Casuarina plantation forest soils
- Creator:
- Leelamanie, D.A.L., Piyaruwan, H.I.G.S., Jayasinghe, P.K.S.C., and Senevirathne, P.A.N.R.
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Eucalyptus grandis, Pinus caribaea, Casuarina equisetifolia, hydrophysical characteristics, and water repellency
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- Soil water repellency (SWR) reduces the rates of wetting in dry soils and is known to interfere with water movement into as well as within the soils. The objective of this study was to investigate the hydrophysical characteristics of three water-repellent tropical exotic plantation forest soils in wet and dry seasons. The study sites were Eucalyptus grandis (EG), Pinus caribaea (PC), and Casuarina equisetifolia (CE) plantation forest soils located in the up-country intermediate zone (EG and PC), and low-country dry zone (CE). Field experiments were conducted to measure the infiltration rate, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (k), water sorptivity (SW). Laboratory experiments were conducted to measure the potential SWR and water entry value (hwe). All three soils showed higher SWR in the dry season, where CE soils showed the highest. The EG soils showed the highest SWR in the wet season. Although SWR in all soils decreased with increasing depth in the wet season, only CE soils showed a significant decrease in SWR with soil depth in the dry season. Compared with the wet season, the k (–1 cm) was lower and hwe was higher in the dry season. However, SW did not show a significant difference between wet and dry seasons. Initial infiltration rate and k (–1 cm) showed a negative correlation with contact angle in all three soils. Soils showed positive linear correlations between k (–1 cm) and SW, and negative linear correlations between SW and hwe showing that surface water absorption is related to both subsurface unsaturated water flow and surface water entry pressure. It was clear that the water entry into soils and the subsurface water flow were hindered by the SWR. High water entry values in the dry season predict high potentials for intensified surface runoff and topsoil erosion. Future research will be required on the interactions between soil biology and soil properties such as pore structure that would influence water flow into and within soils.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1233. Hydrosonohysterografia, digitálna hysterosalpingografia a hysteroskopia v liečbe sporných prípadov porúch fertility
- Creator:
- Hudec, M., Lányi, Ernest, and Ďurica, F.
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, kongresy, and TEXT
- Subject:
- ženská infertilita--etiologie--terapie--ultrasonografie, hysterosalpingografie, and hysteroskopie
- Language:
- Czech and Slovak
- Description:
- M. Hudec, E. Lányi, F. Ďurica
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1234. Hypertyreózne stavy u geriatrických pacientov
- Creator:
- Pytliak, Marek, Vargová, Viola, and Mechírová, Viola
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
- Subject:
- lidé, staří, hypertyreóza--diagnóza--etiologie--chemicky indukované, and Gravesova nemoc--etiologie
- Language:
- Czech, Slovak, and English
- Description:
- V minulosti bola hypertyreóza považovaná za chorobu mladších ľudí, v súčasnosti sa s jej výskytom stretávame vo všetkých vekových skupinách. Hypertyreóza postihuje približne 2 % žien a 0,2 % mužov, pričom jej najčastejšou príčinou je Graves? Basedowova choroba. Starší pacienti môžu vykazovať mnoho typických príznakov hypertyreózy, avšak, tak ako aj pri iných chorobách v starobe, môžu byť znaky a symptómy hypertyreózy u seniorov atypické a nešpecifické. Znaky hypertyreózy sa môžu zameniť so symptómami iných ochorení spojených so starobou, alebo so starobou samotnou. Hypertyreóza často imituje choroby najčastejšie postihnutých orgánov v staršom veku, napr. kardiovaskulárneho systému, a znaky samotnej hypertyreózy ostávajú časti nerozpoznané. Tyreotoxikóza môže zhoršovať preexistujúce choroby srdca, vyvolávať fibriláciu predsiení alebo zhoršovať príznaky angina pectoris. U seniorov je dôležité diagnostikovať aj subklinickú hypertyreózu. Laboratórne vyšetrenie tyreoideálneho statusu by malo byť ordinované všetkým pacientom s klasickými príznakmi hypertyreózy, seniorom s apatickými príznakmi nejasnej etiológie a pacientom s fibriláciou predsiení., Hyperthyroidism was thought to be more common in young adulthood and middle age, but nowadays we can find it in all age groups. Hyperthyroid conditions affect approximately 2% of women and 0.2% of men with Graves? Basedow thyrotoxicosis as a leading cause. Older people with hyperthyroidism may have many of the usual signs and symptoms found in younger people but, as with many diseases that occuring in the elderly, the signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism are often nonspecific and have an atypical presentation. Hyperthyroidism can be confused with other diseases attributed to old age or with age itself. The physiologic presentation of true thyroid disease often focuses on the most compromised organ system (i.e. the cardiovascular system) and the symptoms of hyperthyroidism in the elderly may be hidden. Thyrotoxicosis can aggravate pre?existing heart disease and can also lead to atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, or worsening of angina pectoris. In older patients it is also important to detect subclinical hyperthyroidis. Thyroid laboratory tests should be ordered for all patients with the classic symptoms of hyperthyroidism, elderly people with apathetic symptoms of uncertain etiology, all people admitted to geriatric care units, and elderly people with atrial fibrillation., M. Pytliak, V. Vargová, V. Mechírová, and Lit.: 30
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1235. Hypoglycemia factitia – atypická hypoglykémia – kazuistika
- Creator:
- Mokáň, Michal, Nehaj, F., Stančík, Matej, Michalová, R., Samoš, Matej, Galajda, Peter, and Mokáň, Marián
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, abstrakt z konference, and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech and Slovak
- Description:
- Michal Mokáň, F. Nehaj, M. Stančík, R. Michalová, M. Samoš, P. Galajda, Marián Mokáň
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1236. Hypotyreóza u seniorov
- Creator:
- Vargová, Viola, Pytliak, Marek, and Mechírová, Viola
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
- Subject:
- lidé, staří, and hypotyreóza--diagnóza--etiologie--chemicky indukované
- Language:
- Czech, Slovak, and English
- Description:
- Poruchy štítnej žľazy v starobe sú časté, aj keď často ostanú nepoznané. Hypotyreóza je častá a jej výskyt s s vekom zvyšuje. Hypotyreózou je v staršom veku postihnutých asi 5? 20 % žien a 3? 8 % mužov. U seniorov nemusia byť klasické príznaky hypotyreózy vyjadrené a pri ich diagnostike je potrebná veľká miera klinických skúseností. U hypotyreóznych seniorov nemusí byť prítomný nárast hmotnosti, intolerancia chladu či svalové kŕče. Hypotyreóza je prehliadaná najmä u pacientov s vysokým výskytom chronických ochorení, s polypragmáziou a zmenami kognitívnych funkcií. U starších pacientov s hypotyreózou môžu dominovať psychiatrické symptómy ? depresia, delírium a demencia. Prognózu pacienta ovplyvňujú najmä zmeny kardiovaskulárneho systému, ktoré zahŕňajú bradykardiu, hypertenziu, dyslipidémie, koronárnu chorobu srdca a perikardové výpotky. Diagnostický problém môže predstavovať tzv. syndróm eutyreoidovéch chorého, ktorý častý u kriticky chorých seniorov a subklinická hypotyreóza. Liečba manifestnej hypotyreózy v starobe musí byť opatrná a dôkladne monitorovaná. Pri subklinickej hypotyreóze je jej liečba stále kontroverzná a rozhodnutie o liečbe musí byť striktne individuálne., Thyroid dysfunction occurs frequently in the elderly population, yet often goes unnoticed. Hypothyroidism is common and increases with age affecting 5? 20% of women and 3? 8% of men. The classical symptoms and signs of hypothyroidism may not be so obvious in the elderly, and a high degree of clinical suspicion is necessary. Elderly hypothyroid patients may have less weight gain, cold intolerance and muscle cramps, and the hypothyroidism can be easily overlooked in these patients who also have a higher prevalence of other chronic illnesses, use of medications and cognitive change than their younger counterparts. In the aged, psychiatric symptoms may dominate, with most texts on psychogeriatrics listing hypothyroidism as a cause for depression, delirium and dementia. The effects on the cardiovascular system can be a major problem and include bradycardia, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, ischaemic heart disease, and pericardial effusions. Another diagnostics problems could represents euthyroid sick syndrome, common in critically ill seniors, and subclinical hypothyroidism. Treatment of the hypothyroidism in the elderly patients should be careful and closely monitored. Whether or not to treat patients with subclinical hypothyroidism is still debated and treatment decisions should be made on an individual basis., V. Vargová, M. Pytliak, V. Mechírová, and Lit.: 27
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1237. Ideal-Model descriptions and truth
- Creator:
- Bielik, Lukáš
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- idealization assumptions, ideal-model descriptions, material implication, models, and truth.
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- In scientific practice, we find ideal models that rely on a sort of idealization. These ideal-model descriptions are usually construed as distorted representations of some real system. As such, the ideal-model descriptions count as appeals to (scientific) fictions. Here, I present a category of ideal-model descriptions which – even though involving some idealization assumptions – are nevertheless true. These cases come out as puzzling though. On the one hand, they presuppose some misrepresentations of an intended target system; on the other hand, they are true of that target system. and Lukáš Bielik
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1238. Identification and assessment of long-term trends of surface water quality determinands in Slovakia for implementation of the EU WFD
- Creator:
- Pekárová, Pavla, Miklánek, Pavol, Rončák, Peter, Adámková, Juliana, Chriašteľ, Robert, Metelková, Miroslava, and Pekár, Ján
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- long-term trends, water quality, WFD 2000/60/EC, Slovak Republic, Hron River, dlhodobé trendy, kvalita vody, smernica 2000/60/EC, Slovensko, and Hron
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- The procedure for identification of the long-term trends in the individual water quality determinands in surface water is described in the study. The methodology is based on requirements of the Directive 2000/60/EC and the existing water quality data in the database of the Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute. The methodology gives guidance for estimation of following issues: - influence of the length of the series on trends of development; - methods for calculation of the statistical characteristics; - methods for identification of the increasing and decreasing trends, as well as of the trend reversal point; - selection of the decision criteria for assessment of the trend significance. The methodology was applied for the trend analysis of the selected pollutants in the middle part of Hron River at Salkova near Banska Bystrica city. The results show that the rapid increase of pollution in 1970`s is followed by gradual improvement of the surface water quality in next period. and V predloženej štúdii je opísaný postup pri identifikácii dlhodobých trendov jednotlivých ukazovateľov kvality vody v povrchových tokoch. Pri vypracovaní metodiky sa vychádzalo z požiadaviek smernice 2000/60/EC a z existujúcich údajov o kvalite vody v databáze Slovenského hydrometeorologického ústavu. Vypracovaná metodika navrhuje konkrétne postupy na určovanie, napr. - vplyvu dĺžky obdobia na vývojové trendy; - spôsobov výpočtu štatistických ukazovateľov; - spôsobov identifikácie trendov rastu a poklesu, ako i bodov obratu trendu; - kritérií na rozhodovanie o významnosti jednotlivých trendov. Navrhnutá metodika bola aplikovaná pri analýze vybraných ukazovateľov kvality vody v mieste odberu Hron-Šalková , situovanom pri Banskej Bystrici. Z výsledkov vyplýva, že po prudkom náraste znečistenia stredného Hrona v sedemdesiatych rokoch dvadsiateho storočia dochádza k postupnému zlepšovaniu kvality povrchových vôd v tomto úseku.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1239. Identification of compound channel flow parameters
- Creator:
- Abida, Habib
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- compound channel, flood routing, unsteady flow, optimization, zložený kanál, transformácia povodňovej vlny, neustálené prúdenie, and optimalizáci
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- Optimization methods are used to estimate parameters required for routing floods through open compound channels. Besides initial and boundary flow conditions, data required especially include, crosssectional area (A) of flow and conveyance (K) as functions of flow depth (y) for a representative crosssection of the study reach. Thus, instead of optimizing upon channel's geometric and hydraulic parameters, optimization is performed upon non-physical parameters in assumed A(y) and K(y) relationships. The optimization method selected for this application is the Nelder and Mead Simplex Algorithm. The objective function is expressed in terms of the relative differences between observed and simulated stages and discharges, which are evaluated based on the complete numerical solution of St Venant equations. This approach to formulating the optimization problem was applied to unsteady flow data sets for an experimental reach of the River Main in Northern Ireland. Based on statistical analysis, simulated and observed stages were found to be in good agreement. and Parametre potrebné pre kvantifikáciu transformácie povodňových vĺn v otvorených, zložených kanáloch, boli určené optimalizačnou metódou. Okrem počiatočných a okrajových podmienok sú potrebné ďalšie údaje, vrátane plochy priečneho rezu prúdom (A), ako aj vodivosť časti toku (K) ako funkcie hĺbky (y) pre reprezentatívny priečny rez. Namiesto optimalizácie geometrických a hydraulických parametrov kanála, optimalizácia sa vykonala pre nefyzické parametre, predpokladajúc závislosti A(y) a K(y). Vybranou metódou optimalizácie je Nelderov a Meadov Simplex Algoritmus. Funkcia je vyjadrená pomocou relatívnych rozdielov medzi pozorovanými a simulovanými vodnými stavmi a prietokmi, ktoré boli vyčíslené numerickým riešením rovníc St. Venanta. Tento spôsob formulácie optimalizačného problému bol aplikovaný na údaje pre neustálené prúdenie v experimentálnom priamom úseku rieky Main (River Main) v Severnom Írsku. Štatistickou analýzou bolo zistené, že simulované a merané vodné stavy boli veľmi blízke.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1240. Identification of long-term high-flow regime changes in selected stations along the Danube River
- Creator:
- Pekárová, Pavla, Pramuk, Branislav, Halmová, Dana, Miklánek, Pavol, Prohaska, Stevan, and Pekár, Ján
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- floods, hydrological regime, long streamflow series, Danube River, flow thresholds, and flood trends
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- The aim of the paper is to study spatial and temporal changes in the magnitude, duration and frequency of high flows in the Danube basin. A hydrological series of the mean daily discharges from 20 gauging stations (operated minimally since 1930) were used for the analysis of changes in the daily discharges. The high flow events were classified into three classes: high flow pulses, small floods, and large floods. For each year and for each class, the means of the peak discharges, the number and duration of events, and the rate of changes of the rising and falling limbs of the waves were determined. The long-term trends of the annual time series obtained were analyzed and statistically evaluated. The long-term high flow changes were found to be different in three individual high flow classes. The duration of the category of high flow pulses is decreasing at 19 stations on the Danube and is statistically significant at the Linz, Vienna, Bratislava and Orsova stations. The frequency of the high flow pulses is increasing in all 20 stations. Also, the rising and falling rates of the high flow pulse category are increasing at the majority of the stations. The long-term trends of the selected characteristics of the small floods are very similar to the trends of the high flow pulses, i.e., the duration of small floods is decreasing, and their mean number per year is increasing. In the category of large floods the changes were not proved.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public