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3052. Risk assessment of forest decline by application of geostatistics and multi-criteria analysis
- Creator:
- Jokanović, Vesna Nikolić, Vulević, Tijana, and Lazarević, Katarina
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- the risk from forest decline, groundwater monitoring, geostatistics analysis, and multi-criteria analysis
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- In this paper, the risk zone mapping of declining lowland forests belonging to „Morović“, management unit „Varadin-Županja“ (northern Serbia) is performed using geostatistics analysis. Based on the monitoring of groundwater level, the Kriging method has been performed for the spatial distribution of groundwater level for a multiyear period (2010–2013) – reference level and characteristic levels for the wettest and the driest year during the analyzed period. Risk assessment was determined by the variance of characteristics compared to reference levels. Then, multi-criteria decision analysis methods (AHP, PROMETHEE II) were applied to define the rank of each department (smaller forest management units) located in the research area. These analyses are very important because they enable to locate of the area with a high risk of forest decline and to rank departments using criteria: deviation from water level recorded during dry periods, species demand for water, conservation status and purpose of the unit (seed stands or technical wood). The proposed methodology is usable for the determination of the primary localities for the application of management measures conducting on the level of lower planned units (departments) and thus lead to the successful planning and more efficient forest management. Obtained results at the researched area showed that a negative influence on the watering regime has groundwater level decreasing compared to the reference level because it directly affects available water for the plants. Based on multicriteria analysis methods, it was deduced that the most endangered parts are located at the edge, while this risk is much lower in the central part of the management unit. A combination of applied methods (geostatistics and multicriteria analysis) is of great importance for forestry management.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3053. Risks due to variability of K-day extreme precipitation totals and other K-day extreme events
- Creator:
- Brunovský, Pavol, Lapin, Milan, Melicherčík, Igor, Somorčík, Ján, and Ševčovič, Daniel
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- extreme events, precipitation, humidity, temperature, drought index, DEA analysis, extrémne udalosti, atmosférické zrážky, vlhkosť, teplota, index sucha, and DEA analýza
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- Several alternative definitions of extreme events are proposed. As the first step a statistical analysis of daily precipitation measurement time series from the Hurbanovo SHMI Observatory and elaboration of potentially dangerous precipitation events is carried out. Then, combined characteristics based on daily temperature, daily air humidity and daily precipitation totals are computed. The drought index based on normalized deviations from long-term averages is defined. Alternatively, to define extreme events ''Data envelopment analysis'' (DEA) is employed with K-day periods of values of temperature, humidity and precipitation corresponding to decision making units. In this paper we have used the period of K = 10 days for both methodologies for identification of extreme events. The results of all definitions of extreme events are compared. and V článku navrhujeme niekoľko definícií extrémnych udalostí. Ako prvý krok je vypracovaná štatistická analýza denných úhrnov zrážok z observatória SHMÚ v Hurbanove, na základe ktorej označujeme extrémne udalosti. Následne počítame kombinované charakteristiky období sucha založené na denných údajoch teploty, vlhkosti vzduchu a denných úhrnoch zrážok. Index sucha je založený na normalizovaných odchýlkach od dlhodobých priemerov. Alternatívne definujeme extrémne udalosti na základe DEA analýzy, kde K-denné periódy teploty, vlhkosti a zrážok slúžia ako rozhodovacie jednotky. V tomto článku sme na identifikáciu extrémnych udalostí pre obe metodológie použili periódu K = 10 dní. Výsledky všetkých prístupov nakoniec porovnávame.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3054. River sediment transport and coastal erosion in the southeastern Black Sea rivers.
- Creator:
- Berkun, Mehmet and Aras, Egemen
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Black Sea, Coruh River, sediment load, dams, coastal erosion, Čierne more, rieka Coruh, sedimenty, and erózia pobrežia
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- In the Southeastern Black Sea Region, rivers are dammed for hydroelectric power and irrigation. The natural course of fluvial alluvium transport is almost completely altered because of planned and constructed dams and coastal protection measures. Decreasing volume of sediment carried to the sea cause intensification of the shore erosion. The Black Sea Rivers and coastal areas of Turkey and Georgia are under heavy anthropogenic pressure because of the bed material extraction and coastal erosion rate. In this study, environmental effects of dams and related effects of sediment transport on coastal erosion in the Eastern Black Sea region are discussed. and Rieky v juhovýchodnej časti regiónu Čierneho mora sú prehradené priehradami, ktoré slúžia na výrobu elektrickej energie a na závlahy. Prirodzený transport plavenín a splavenín sa v dôsledku výstavby plánovaných a realizovaných priehrad takmer úplne zmenil. Znížený objem sedimentov dopravovaných do mora spôsobuje intenzifikáciu erózie brehov riek. Rieky ústiace do Čierneho mora v oblasti pobrežia Turecka a Gruzínska sú výrazne ovplyvnené ľudskou činnosťou, ako je ťažba materiálu z riek a eróziou brehov. V tejto práci sa analyzuje vplyv priehrad na životné prostredie krajiny vo východnej časti Čierneho mora.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3055. RNDr. Eduard Šimo, CSc. Osemdesiatročný
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Language:
- Slovak
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3056. RNDr. Július Šútor, DrSc. sedemdesiatnikom
- Creator:
- Novák, Viliam
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Language:
- Slovak
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3057. RNDr. Juraj Pacl, CSc. Jubiluje
- Creator:
- Novák, Viliam
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Language:
- Slovak
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3058. Robert Kirk’s attempted intellectual filicide: are phenomenal zombies hurt?
- Creator:
- Sepetyi, Dmytro
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- consciousness, conceivability, incoherence, materialism, phenomenal zombie, possibility, and normativity
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- In the paper, I discuss Robert Kirk’s attempt to refute the zombie argument against materialism by demonstrating, “in a way that is intuitively appealing as well as cogent”, that the idea of phenomenal zombies involves incoherence. Kirk’s argues that if one admits that a world of zombies z is conceivable, one should also admit the conceivability of a certain transformation from such a world to a world z* that satisfies a description D, and it is arguable that D is incoherent. From which, Kirk suggests, it follows that the idea of zombies is incoherent. I argue that Kirk’s argument has several minor deficiencies and two major flaws. First, he takes for granted that cognitive mental states are physical (cognitive physicalism), although a zombist is free to—and would better—reject this view. Second, he confuses elements of different scenarios of transformation, none of which results in the incoherent description D.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3059. Robert Kvaček :
- Creator:
- Čelko, Vojtech,
- Type:
- text, medailony, and vzpomínky
- Subject:
- Historická věda. Pomocné vědy historické. Archivnictví, Kvaček, Robert,, historici čeští, jubilea životní, and historici (jubilea, nekrology apod.)
- Language:
- Slovak
- Rights:
- unknown
3060. Robustní metody v hydrologii a vodním hospodářství. Část 1. Metody výzkumu
- Creator:
- Nacházel, Karel
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- uncertainty, stability, robustness, modern control theory, dynamic systems, controller, mathematical describing of dynamic systems, synthetic flood wave, flood protection effect of reservoir, runoff regulation, neurčitost, stabilita, robustnost, moderní teorie řízení, dynamické systémy, regulátor, matematický popis dynamických systémů, syntetická povodňová vlna, ochranný účinek nádrže, and regulace odtoku
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- This study deals with uncertainty, stability and robustness in reservoirs operation. These properties of control currently represent a new aspect in the utilization of water resources and their systems in changing conditions. The study is based on the modern control theory of dynamic systems. It also explains the aims and exacting nature of methodical approaches. Instead of analytical methods, simulation models were used for the solution of runoff stability during different flood situations. The flood protection effect of the reservoir was solved on the basis of a set of generated synthetic flood waves. Then, the stability of the runoff was investigated in different hydrological situations. The study concludes that the stability of the runoff from the reservoir is possible to reach only within certain limits, while in a catastrophic flood situation, it is unrealistic. It also concludes that the combination of different flood protection measures is purposeful, e.g. a larger flood-control storage, predischarge, intensification of the hydrometeorological forecast, stream-channel regulation, etc. Finally, the study suggests themes for further investigation in this field. and Studie se zabývá neurčitostí, stabilitou a robustností při operativním řízení nádrží. Tyto vlastnosti řízení se dnes stávají novými hledisky při využívání vodních zdrojů a jejich soustav v měnících se podmínkách. Studie vychází z moderní teorie řízení dynamických systémů, objasňuje její cíle a matematickou náročnost metodických postupů. Místo analytických metod byly ve studii využity pro řešení stability odtoku z nádrží za povodňových situací simulační modely. Ochranný účinek nádrže se řešil variantně na podkladě souborů generovaných syntetických povodňových vln. Stabilita odtoku se tak mohla zkoumat v různých hydrologických situacích. Studie dospěla k závěru, že stabilitu odtoku u vybudovaných nádrží lze zabezpečit zpravidla jen v jistých mezích, v katastrofálních situacích je tento požadavek nereálný. Účelná je tu kombinace různých protipovodňových opatření, např. většího ochranného prostoru nádrže, předvypouštění z nádrže, prohloubení hydrometeorologické předpovědi, úpravy koryta pod nádrží a j. Studie uvádí v závěru náměty na další výzkum v této oblasti.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public