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2522. Study of the time-dependent clear water scour around circular bridge piers
- Creator:
- Aksoy, Aysegul Ozgenc, Bombar, Gokcen, Arkis, Tanıl, and Guney, Mehmet Sukru
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- bridge pier, clear-water scour, local scour, steady flow, and temporal evolution
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- The local scour around bridge piers influences their stabilities and plays a key role in the bridge failures. The estimation of the maximum possible scour depth around bridge piers is an important step in the design of the bridge pier foundations. In this study, the temporal evolution of local scour depths as well as the equilibrium scour depths were analyzed. The experiments were carried out in a rectangular flume by using uniform sediment with median diameter of 3.5 mm and geometric standard deviation of 1.4. The diameters of the tested circular bridge piers were 40 mm, 80 mm, 150 mm and 200 mm. The flow and scour depths were determined by ultrasonic sensors. The experiments were realized in clear water conditions with various constant flow rates. The experimental findings were compared with those calculated from some empirical equations existing in the literature. A new empirical relation involving the flow intensity, the relative water depth and the dimensionless time is also introduced. The advantage of this proposed relation is that the only parameter requiring the calculation is the critical velocity, other parameters being known geometric and hydraulic parameters. The performance of this relation was tested by using experimental data available in the literature, and a satisfactory compatibility was revealed between the experimental and numerical results.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2523. Sú pojmy dostatočná podmienka a nutná podmienka pre empirickú oblasť symetrické?
- Creator:
- Gahér, František
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- sufficient condition, necessary condition, symmetry (conversion) of relation, if-then, only if, and ''if''-clause.
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- The expressions sufficient condition and necessary condition are frequently used in various areas in sciences (like mathematics, logic, philosophy, natural sciences and social sciences) as well as in everyday usage; therefore, they might be taken as expressing well defined notions which should not lead to any serious misunderstandings when used. According to the widely accepted definitions of both concepts, the concept of sufficient condition and that of necessary condition imply their symmetry (conversion): if one thing poses a sufficient condition to another thing, the latter is a necessary condition for the former; however, this symmetry is hardly intuitive and it is refused by many scholars. Given the analyses of practical examples and a symmetry concept defence test, one may conclude that this view is unfounded. As a result, the definitions of the two notions are not determined enough and so is the question whether there is just a single pair of the notions or whether there are more of them., Výrazy dostatečná podmínka a nezbytná podmínka jsou často používány v různých oblastech vědy (např. Matematika, logika, filosofie, přírodní vědy a společenské vědy) i v každodenním používání; proto mohou být považovány za vyjádření dobře definovaných pojmů, které by při použití neměly vést k vážným nedorozuměním. Podle široce přijímaných definic obou pojmů, pojem dostatečné podmínky a podmínky nezbytné podmínky znamenají jejich symetrii (konverzi): pokud jedna věc představuje dostatečnou podmínku pro jinou věc, ta druhá je nezbytnou podmínkou pro druhou věc; nicméně, tato symetrie je stěží intuitivní a to je odmítnuto mnoha učenci. Vzhledem k analýzám praktických příkladů a obrannému testu koncepce symetrie lze konstatovat, že tento názor není opodstatněný. Jako výsledek,, and František Gahér
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
2524. Suarézova teorie vzniku species sensibilis a kognitivního aktu vnějších smyslů v kontextu středověké a renesanční filosofie
- Creator:
- Heider, Daniel
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- activity, agent sense, efficient cause, passivity, sensible species, sensory cognitive act, and Suárez
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- The study presents F. Suárez’s theory of the principles of sensation in the context of medieval (Averroes, John of Jandun) and renaissance philosophy (Nifo, Cajetan). It proceeds in five steps. First, it considers Suárez’s ontology of sensory cognitive act. Second, it treats Suárez’s theory of the formation of sensible species. Third, it presents Suárez’s ontology of sensible species. Fourth, it exposes Suárez’s theory of the efficient causes of the sensory cognitive act. In conclusion, the author states that Suárez’s theory, compared to the doctrines of Aquinas and Thomists, constitutes the significant historical shift from cognitive passivism to cognitive activism mirroring the Zeitgeist of the Renaissance philosophy without abandoning the basic tenets of the traditional Aristotelian – scholastic philosophy., Studie prezentuje teorii F. Suáreze o principech vnímání v kontextu středověkých (Averroes, John of Jandun) a renesanční filosofie (Nifo, Cajetan). Postupuje v pěti krocích. Za prvé považuje Suárezovu ontologii smyslového kognitivního aktu. Za druhé, jedná se o Suárezovu teorii utváření rozumných druhů. Za třetí, prezentuje Suárezovu ontologii rozumných druhů. Za čtvrté, odhaluje Suárezovu teorii efektivních příčin smyslového kognitivního aktu. V závěru autor uvádí, že Suárez teorie, ve srovnání s učením Tomáše Akvinského a Thomists, představuje významný historický posun od kognitivní passivism na kognitivní aktivismu zrcadlení na Zeitgeist renesančního filozofie aniž bychom opustili základní zásady tradiční aristotelské - scholastické filozofie., and Daniel Heider
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
2525. Subakútna infekčná endokarditída – úspešná konzervatívna liečba masívnej vegetácie u pacientky po náhrade mitrálnej chlopne – kazuistika
- Creator:
- Páleš, J. and Kamenský, Gabriel
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, abstrakt z konference, and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech and Slovak
- Description:
- J. Páleš, G. Kamenský
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
2526. Subject and predicate in existential propositions: a survey of Frege’s problem and its solutions
- Creator:
- Asadi, Siavash
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- existential proposition, existence, Frege, object, and concept
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- Frege argues that considering Socrates as an object in the proposition “Socrates exists” raises two problems. First, this proposition would be uninformative. Second, its negation entails a contradiction. Attempting to solve these problems, Frege claims that Socrates is representing the concept of a man whose name is Socrates. Therefore, existence is a second-order concept. This paper surveys the main modern theories about the types of existence, in order to find another response to Frege’s problems. For, if Socrates’ existence differs from the type that “exists” implies, “Socrates exists” is informative and its negation is not a contradiction. At last, this paper argues for an idea, in which “existence” is not a concept or property. Existence is the principle of the objects. So, “Socrates exists” is in fact “the existence is Socrates,” and “Socrates does not exist” is “there is no existence that be Socrates.” This idea could be an alternative for responding to Frege’s problems.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2527. Subjective theories of personal identity and practical concerns
- Creator:
- Bělohrad, Radim
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- compensation, identification, numerical identity, personal identity, responsibility, self-constitution, and self-interested concern
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- This paper focuses on three theories of personal identity that incorporate the idea that personal identity is the result of a person’s adopting certain attitudes towards certain mental states and actions. I call these theories subjective theories of personal identity. I argue that it is not clear what the proponents of these theories mean by “personal identity”. On standard theories, such as animalism or psychological theories, the term “personal identity” refers to the numerical identity of persons and its analysis provides the persistence conditions for persons. I argue that if the subjective theories purport to provide a criterion of numerical personal identity, they fail. A different interpretation may suggest that they purport to provide a non-numerical type of identity for the purpose of providing plausible analyses of certain identity-related practical concerns. I argue that the criteria the subjective theories provide fail to capture several of the identity-related concerns. As a result, this interpretation must be rejected as well., Tato práce se zaměřuje na tři teorie osobní identity, které zahrnují myšlenku, že osobní identita je výsledkem toho, že člověk přijímá určité postoje k určitým duševním stavům a činnostem. Tyto teorie nazývám subjektivními teoriemi osobní identity. Tvrdím, že není jasné, co zastánci těchto teorií znamenají „osobní identitou“. Na standardních teoriích, jako jsou zvířecí nebo psychologické teorie, se termín „osobní identita“ vztahuje na numerickou identitu osob a její analýza poskytuje podmínky vytrvalosti pro osoby. Tvrdím, že pokud subjektivní teorie mají za cíl poskytnout kritérium numerické osobní identity, neuspějí. Jiný výklad může naznačovat, že mají za cíl poskytnout nečíselný typ identity za účelem poskytnutí věrohodných analýz určitých praktických problémů souvisejících s identitou. Tvrdím, že kritéria subjektivních teorií nedokážou zachytit několik problémů souvisejících s identitou. V důsledku toho musí být tento výklad rovněž zamítnut., and Radim Bělohrad
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
2528. Subjektívna pohoda českých a slovenských sestier a ich úvahy o odchode
- Creator:
- Gurková, Elena, Žiaková, Katarína, Sováriová Soósová, Mária, Haroková, Silvie, Šerfelová, Radka, and Mrosková, Slávka
- Format:
- 664-669, braille, electronic resource, optical disc, and elektronický zdroj
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, statistics, and TEXT
- Subject:
- průzkumy a dotazníky, lidé, zaměstnanost--psychologie, emoce, zdravotní sestry v klinické praxi--psychologie, věkové faktory, časové faktory, osobní uspokojení, fluktuace zaměstnanců, profesní mobilita, kvalita života, statistika jako téma, průřezové studie, pracovní uspokojení, subjektivní pohoda, and odchod sester
- Language:
- Czech, Slovak, and English
- Description:
- Cieľ: Cieľom medzinárodnej prierezovej štúdie bolo zhodnotiť úroveň subjektívnej pohody českých a slovenských sestier a jej vzťah k dĺţke klinickej praxe a ich uvaţovaniu o odchode z pracoviska, profesie sestry a do zahraničia. Metodika: Výskumný súbor tvorilo 1055 sestier pracujúcich v lôţkových zariadeniach. Subjektívnu pohodu sestier sme hodnotili prostredníctvom Indexu osobnej pohody a Škály emocionálnej, habituálnej subjektívnej pohody. Rozdiely v subjektívnej pohode sme zisťovali jednorozmernou analýzou rozptylu (ANOVA), na zistenie závislosti medzi premennými sme pouţili Pearsonov korelačný koeficient. Výsledky: České sestry častejšie preţívali pozitívne a menej často negatívne emócie (afektívny komponent subjektívnej pohody) v porovnaní so slovenskými sestrami. Ţivotná spokojnosť (kognitívny komponent subjektívnej pohody) bola na úrovni 60 – 70 % maxima stupnice, typického pre "nezápadné" krajiny (65,02; SD 15,80 - české sestry; 63,80; SD 16,43 - slovenské sestry). Štatisticky významné rozdiely v ţivotnej spokojnosti medzi uvedenými skupinami sestier sa nepreukázali. Subjektívna pohoda sestier sa negatívne spájala rokmi praxe, ako aj úvahami o odchode z pracoviska, z ošetrovateľskej profesie a odchode pracovať do zahraničia. U slovenských sestier sa preukázali silnejšie vzťahy medzi jednotlivými komponentmi subjektívnej pohody a ich uvaţovaním o odchode. Záver: Výsledky štúdie reflektujú zvyšujúcu sa pracovnú neistotu sestier, ktorú zaznamenávame v oboch krajinách v posledných rokoch. Ďalší výskum by sa mal zameriavať na identifikáciu ďalších faktorov, predovšetkým z oblasti pracovných podmienok, ktoré môţu významne vplývať na subjektívnu pohodu sestier., Aim: The aim of this international cross-sectional survey was to investigate subjective well-being of Czech and Slovak nurses and its relationship with years of experience and leaving intentions. Methods: The sample for study consisted of 1055 hospital staff nurses from Czech and Slovak Republics. The data were collected using a set of questionnaires that included the Positive Affect Scale, the Negative Affect Scale, and Personal Wellbeing Index. For determining the associations and correlations between variables, the parametric Pearson correlations were used. For group comparisons one way ANOVA procedure was performed. Results: Czech nurses experienced more positive affect and less negative affect than Slovak nurses. We did not find the statistical significant difference in life satisfaction (a cognitive component of subjective well-being) between Czech and Slovak nurses. Life satisfaction has been within the range of 60–70% SM found for Western populations (65.02; SD 15.80 - Czech nurses; 63.80; 16.43 - Slovak nurses). Subjective well-being correlated negatively with years of experience and leaving intentions. The stronger relationship between subjective well-being and leaving intentions was in Slovak nurses. Conclusions: The results of the study reflect an increased job insecurity of Czech and Slovak nurses. Future research should focus on investigation of other factors of subjective well-being, mainly from the area of work conditions., Elena Gurková, Katarína Žiaková, Mária Sováriová Soósová, Silvie Haroková, Radka Šerfelová, Slávka Mrosková, and Literatura
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
2529. Subsurface flow and large-scale lateral saturated soil hydraulic conductivity in a Mediterranean hillslope with contrasting land uses
- Creator:
- Pirastru, Mario, Bagarello, Vincenzo, Iovino, Massimo, Marrosu, Roberto, Castellini, Mirko, Giadrossich, Filippo, and Niedda, Marcello
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- subsurface runoff, drain, pore connectivity, sprinkling experiments, land use change, and maquis
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- The lateral saturated hydraulic conductivity, Ks,l, is the soil property that mostly governs subsurface flow in hillslopes. Determinations of Ks,l at the hillslope scale are expected to yield valuable information for interpreting and modeling hydrological processes since soil heterogeneities are functionally averaged in this case. However, these data are rare since the experiments are quite difficult and costly. In this investigation, that was carried out in Sardinia (Italy), large-scale determinations of Ks,l were done in two adjacent hillslopes covered by a Mediterranean maquis and grass, respectively, with the following objectives: i) to evaluate the effect of land use change on Ks,l, and ii) to compare estimates of Ks,l obtained under natural and artificial rainfall conditions. Higher Ks,l values were obtained under the maquis than in the grassed soil since the soil macropore network was better connected in the maquis soil. The lateral conductivity increased sharply close to the soil surface. The sharp increase of Ks,l started at a larger depth for the maquis soil than the grassed one. The Ks,l values estimated during artificial rainfall experiments agreed with those obtained during the natural rainfall periods. For the grassed site, it was possible to detect a stabilization of Ks,l in the upper soil layer, suggesting that flow transport capacity of the soil pore system did not increase indefinitely. This study highlighted the importance of the experimental determination of Ks,l at the hillslope scale for subsurface modeling, and also as a benchmark for developing appropriate sampling methodologies based on near-point estimation of Ks,l.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2530. Súčasné možnosti ultrazvukovej diagnostiky endometriózy
- Creator:
- Rusňák, Igor, Čunderlík, Anton, Turkota, Ľubomír, and Hinšt, Jaroslav
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, přehledy, and TEXT
- Subject:
- endometrióza--ETIOLOGIE--KLASIFIKACE--ULTRASONOGRAFIE, ultrasonografie--METODY, laparoskopie--METODY, diferenciální diagnóza, and senzitivita a specificita
- Language:
- Czech, Slovak, and English
- Description:
- Igor Rusňák, Anton Čunderlík, Ľubomír Turkota, Lit: 15, and Souhrn: eng
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public