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36232. Why did you really do it? Human reasoning and reasons for action

Creator:
Gascón, José Ángel
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
cognitive psychology, engexplanation, justification, motivation, rationalization, and reasons for action
Language:
Slovak
Description:
During the last decades several studies in cognitive psychology have shown that many of our actions do not depend on the reasons that we adduce afterwards, when we have to account for them. Our decisions seem to be often influenced by normatively or explanatorily irrelevant features of the environment of which we are not aware, and the reasons we offer for those decisions are a posteriori rationalisations. But exactly what reasons has the psychological research uncovered? In philosophy, a distinction has been commonly made between normative and motivating reasons: normative reasons make an action right, whereas motivating reasons explain our behaviour. Recently, Maria Alvarez has argued that, apart from normative (or justifying) reasons, we should further distinguish between motivating and explanatory reasons. We have, then, three kinds of reasons, and it is not clear which of them have been revealed as the real reasons for our actions by the psychological research. The answer we give to this question will have important implications both for the validity of our classifications of reasons and for our understanding of human action.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

36233. Why do we have purkinje fibers deep in our heart?

Creator:
Sedmera, D. and Gourdie, R. G.
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, srdce, fyziologie, heart, physiology, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Purkinje fibers were the first discovered component of the cardiac conduction system. Origin ally described in sheep in 1839 as pale subendocardial cells, they were found to be present, although with different morphology, in all mammalian and avian hearts. Here we review differences in their appearance and extent in different species, summarize the current state of knowledge of their function, and provide an update on markers for these cells. Special emphasis is given to popular model species and human anatomy., D. Sedmera, R. G. Gourdie., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

36234. Why don't migrants with secondary education return?

Creator:
Ivanova, Renata, Jeong, Byeongju, Kejak, Michal, Univerzita Karlova. Centrum pro ekonomický výzkum a doktorské studium, and Národohospodářský ústav (Akademie věd ČR)
Publisher:
CERGE-EI
Format:
electronic and 45 s.
Type:
model:monograph and TEXT
Subject:
Demografie. Populace, emigrace a imigrace, reemigrace, středoškolské studium, vzdělávání, matematické modelování, 314.15-026.44, 314.151.7, 373.5/.6+377.1/.3, 519.673, (048.8), 18, and 314
Language:
English and Czech
Description:
Tento článek se pokouší vysvětlit schema ve tvaru U v míře návratu migrantů ve vztahu k dosaženému vzdělání. Vytváříme OLG model na dvě období, kde jsou rozhodnutí emigrovat a navrátit se udělána činiteli, kteří jsou heterogenní z pohledu dosaženého vzdělání. Imigrační politika je brána v potaz jako další determinanta migračního rozhodnutí. Model předpovídá, že kombinace dvou sil - relativní návratnost vzdělávání a nejisté příležitosti pro přizpůsobení statusu - vede ke kladným podmínkám k tomu, aby migranti se středoškolským vzděláním zůstali v zahraničí natrvalo., Renata Ivanova, Byeongju Jeong ; editor: Michal Kejak., and born digital
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

36235. Why has the COVID-19 pandemic had a limited impact on the primary housing market in Poland?

Creator:
Augustyniak, Hanna, Łaszek, Jacek, Olszewski, Krzysztof, and Waszczuk, Joanna
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
housing market, COVID-19, accelerator, and structural change
Language:
English
Description:
In this paper we present the first insight about the impact of the COVID epidemic on the pri-mary housing market in Poland, with a focus on Warsaw which is the largest market. We ex-plain the structural features that allowed the market to return to pre-shock levels after the pandemic shock. Contrary, after the 2007-2008 global financial crisis the negative consequences lasted for several years. This time a sharp monetary policy and fiscal intervention was carried out. Moreover, the developer sector is much more mature, has expanded its production capaci-ties. We show empirically that the monopolistic competition of developers allowed them to restrict excessive demand that was observed before the COVID broke out. In this way they were able to increase prices despite the economic problems. Another important structural change was the increased housing demand, mainly for investment housing, which was fi-nanced predominantly with cash and contributed to the development of the rental market. We approximate the investment demand, which was generated by private households that pur-chased flats for rental, with the help of a simple demand and supply model.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

36236. Why is it better to produce coffee seedlings in full sunlight than in the shade? A morphophysiological approach

Creator:
Moraes, G. A. B. K., Chaves, A. R. M., Martins, S. C. V., Barros, R. S., and DaMatta, F. M.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
botanika, botany, biomass allocation, Coffea, growth, oxidative stress, photoinhibition, photosynthesis, and xanthophylls
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
The coffee plant is native to shaded environments and its seedlings are often produced in shaded nurseries. However, some nursery managers, in an effort to improve the acclimation of seedlings to field conditions after transplantation, produce seedlings in full sun exposure. In this study, the morphological and physiological parameters of arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) seedlings produced in full sun (T1) and in shade (T2) were examined. The biomass accumulation and relative growth rate of T1 and T2 seedlings were similar. The T1 seedlings had less biomass allocation to shoots, a lower leaf mass ratio and a lower leaf area ratio; however, they had a greater net assimilation rate (rate of increase in plant mass per unit leaf area), which was associated with a greater net photosynthetic rate. There were no alterations in the concentrations of total chlorophylls or in the chlorophyll a/b ratio when comparing T1 and T2 seedlings. No indications of photoinhibition or photooxidative damage were observed in the T1 plants, which were shown to have a more robust antioxidant system than the T2 plants. Seedlings transferred from shade to full sun (T3) were not capable of utilising the incident extra light to fix CO2. These seedlings showed a remarkable nocturnal retention of zeaxanthin and a significantly increased deepoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle, even at predawn, but the activity of antioxidant enzymes was lower than in the T1 and T2 plants. Despite the acclimation capacity of T3 seedlings to the new light environment, they exhibited chronic photoinhibition and considerable photooxidative damage throughout the seven days following the transfer to full sun exposure. We further discuss the practical implications of producing coffee seedlings in full sunlight and under shade. and G. A. B. K. Moraes ... [et al.].
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

36237. Why mixed qualities may not survive at equilibrium: the case of vertical product differentiation

Creator:
Burlakov, Georgi
Publisher:
CERGE-EI
Format:
electronic, bez média, svazek, and 42 stran : ilustrace, tabulky.
Type:
model:monograph and TEXT
Subject:
Ekonomie, trhy, nabídka a poptávka, ceny, modelování a simulace, experimentální ekonomie, markets, supply and demand, prices, modeling and simulation, experimental economics, 339.13, 338.5, 519.86/.87, 33-028.77, (048.8), 4, and 33
Language:
English and Czech
Description:
Georgi Burlakov., Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy, and České a anglické resumé
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

36238. Wide-band low noise preamplifier design for the purposes of testing of pyroelectric infrared sensors

Creator:
Knápek, Alexandr, Hutař, Otakar, and Pfeifer, Petr
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
wideband, low noise, preamplifier, flame detectors, širokopásmový, nízkošumový, předzesilovač, and detektor plamene
Language:
Czech
Description:
In this paper, a theoretical approach of a wideband preamplifier using a high-end operation amplifier OPA847 will be presented. This device is designed to be used for a low noise, wide band measuring. The level of optimization is based on a noise model for the electrical part of the receiver. During the process of amplifier designing, all the noise components have been investigated separately, using operational amplifiers models. Although this preamplifier was designed to serve for the purposes of flame sensors evaluate, it can be also used to other purposes requiring wide band amplifier with low noise, under only a minimal modification. and V tomto příspěvku bych rád přiblížil teoretický postup návrhu širokopásmového předzesilovače, využívajícího moderní integrovaný předzesilovač OPA847, který je určen pro nízkošumová měření. Stupeň optimalizace je založen na šumovém modelu pro elektrickou část přijímače. Během návrhu zesilovače byla každá šumová složka zkoumána zvlášť s využitím modelu operačního zesilovače. Přestože byl tento předzesilovač navržen pro účely měření detektorů plamene. Může být s výhodou využit všude jinde, kde je vyžadován širokopásmový, nízkošumový předzesilovač a to jen s minimálními úpravami.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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