Cuttings of Populus cathayana were exposed to three different alkaline regimes (0, 75, and 150 mM Na2CO3) in a semicontrolled environment. The net photosynthesis rate (PN), mesophyll conductance (gm), the relative limitations posed by stomatal conductance (Ls) and by mesophyll conductance (Lm), photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency (PNUE), carbon isotope composition (δ13C), as well as specific leaf area (SLA) were measured. PN decreased due to alkaline stress by an average of 25% and gm decreased by an average of 57%. Alkaline stress caused an increase of Lm but not Ls, with average Ls of 26%, and Lm average of 38% under stress conditions. Our results suggested reduced assimilation rate under alkaline stress through decreased mesophyll conductance in P. cathayana. Moreover, alkaline stress increased significantly δ13C and it drew down CO2 concentration from the substomatal cavities to the sites of carboxylation (Ci-Cc), but decreased PNUE. Furthermore, a relationship was found between PNUE and Ci-Cc. Meanwhile, no correlation was found between δ13C and Ci/Ca, but a strong correlation was proved between δ13C and Cc/Ca, indicating that mesophyll conductance was also influencing the 13C/12C ratio of leaf under alkaline stress. and G. Xu ... [et al.].
Adjustment in leaf area : mass ratio called leaf area ratio (LAR) is one of the strategies to optimize photon harvesting. LAR was recorded for 10 genotypes of Hevea brasiliensis under high irradiance and low temperature and the genotypes were categorized into two groups, i.e. high LAR and low LAR types. Simultaneously, the growth during summer as well as winter periods, photosynthetic characteristics, and in-vitro oxidative damage were studied. Low LAR (19.86±0.52 m2 kg-1) types, recorded an average of 18.0 % chlorophyll (Chl) degradation under high irradiance and 7.1 % Chl degradation under low temperature. These genotypes maintained significantly higher net photosynthetic rate (PN) of 10.4 μmol(CO2) m-2 s-1 during winter season. On the contrary, the high LAR (24.33±0.27 m2 kg-1) types recorded significantly lower PN of 4 μmol(CO2) m-2 s-1 and greater Chl degradation of 37.7 and 13.9 % under high irradiance and low temperature stress, respectively. Thus LAR may be one of the physiological traits, which are possibly involved in plant acclimation process under both stresses studied. and D. Ray, S. K. Dey, G. Gas.
Information and communication technology are promising channels in delivering the mindful-ness-based intervention. A common problem in these interventions is the lack of study of treat-ment adherence. The current article summarizes the state of measuring and reporting adherence, the rate of adherence, and possible predictors of adherence in the form of a systematic review following the PRISMA statement. A database search of PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and PsychINFO identified 3104 poten-tially relevant articles published up to the end of December 2019. The review focuses only on the SARS-CoV-2 pre-pandemic time because the accelerated development of the eHealth Mind-fulness-based interventions and a vast amount of newly published interventions in the follow-ing years was expected. A total of 69 studies met all the eligibility criteria. Out of these studies, 61% reported some measure of adherence and 36% reported the adherence rate. The adherence rate in clinical populations ranged from 41% to 92%; in non-clinical populations, it ranged from 1% to 85%. Predictors of adherence were inves-tigated in 48% of the studies; however, the ma-jority of assessed variables had mixed findings about predicting adherence. There was a huge variety in the definitions and measurements of adherence. A standardized system of measuring and reporting adherence and further investiga-tion of its predictors is needed. and Informační a komunikační technologie předsta-vují nové a slibné kanály, jak lze k uživatelům doručit intervence založené na Mindfulness pří-stupu. Běžným problémem v této oblasti apliko-vaného výzkumu je nedostatek evidence o adhe-renci ke zmíněným programům. Aktuální článek ve formě systematické review podle PRISMA protokolu shrnuje informace o tom, jaká je ad-herence k intervencím ve studiích zabývajících se eHealth Mindfulness programy, jak je adhe-rence měřena a co jsou její možné prediktory. V databázích PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus a PsychINFO bylo do konce roku 2019 identifikováno 3104 potenciálně relevantních článků. Vzhledem k očekávanému nárůstu im-plementace eHealth programů na podporu du-ševního zdraví pro zdravou i klinickou populaci v důsledku pandemie SARS-CoV-2, se stávající review zabývala jen studiemi před začátkem pandemie. 69 z nich splnilo všechna vstupní kri-téria pro systematickou review. 61 % studií ve svých výsledcích prezentovalo různé parametry adherence, 36 % pak prezentovalo základní tzv. adherence rate. Míra adherence v klinických populacích se pohybovala od 41 % do 92 %; v neklinických populacích se pohybovala od 1 % do 85 %. Prediktory adherence byly zkoumány ve 48 % studií, většina hodnocených proměn-ných však přinesla značně heterogenní výsled-ky. Velká heterogenita byla pozorována také v samotné definici adherence a ve způsobech a nástrojích jejího měření. Aktuální systematická review jednoznačně dokládá potřebu standardi-zovaného systému měření adherence a dalšího výzkumu v oblasti jejích prediktorů.
During the 1997 rut, we tested the hypothesis that there are lekking and territorial stags in a herd of approximately 350 free-ranging sika deer living in 5 km2 area in Northern Austria. During five 2-hour observation sessions observers recorded the callings of the sika deer stags from three high seats and simultaneously recorded the direction from which each male was calling. We recorded 2167 calling bouts consisting of 3655 calls. A calling bout consisted of 1 to 9 calls (mean ± S.D., 1.69 ± 1.09). The distance between calling stags was 85.15 ± 3.10 m (LSMEAN ± S.D.) in the centre of the lek and 121.94 ± 4.33 m at its periphery. Our observations suggested that stags were not associated with fixed territories. Rather, all stags took part in lekking with some ‘satellite’ stags more frequently at the periphery of the moving lek. Our results suggest an existence of a large, transient ‘mega lek’ with up to 23 active male participants. The location of the lek varied considerably over the period of observation, but always was associated with feeding places attractive to hinds.