The Frank orthogonal corrected ECG and its first derivation were recorded in 27 healthy volunteers (women aged 19-22 years) during normal ventilation at rest (control group), after voluntary hyperventilation lasting 75 seconds, and during hypoxic-hypercapnic ventilation (through the enlarged dead space) lasting 5 min. The projections of the magnitude and direction of the positive and negative QRS derivation maxima into the horizontal, frontal, left sagittal planes and their spatial distribution were constructed. The magnitude of the positive and negative QRS derivation maxima was significantly decreased during hypoxic-hypercapnic ventilation. A significant alteration in the direction only arose at the positive maximum during hypoxic-hypercapnic ventilation in the frontal plane. The intrinsicoid deflection was not significantly altered. The normal values of the maxima of the first QRS derivation in young healthy women are given. It is supposed that the decrease in amplitude of the maxima of the first QRS derivation is caused by slowed propagation of the depolarization wave under hypoxic- hypercapnic conditions and alteration of the direction of the positive maximum is caused by a greater participation of the right ventricle at the origin of the resulting QRS vector.
Soricimyxum fegati gen. et sp. n. is a new myxosporean (Myxozoa) species discovered in the liver of shrews, Sorex araneus L., collected in the Bialowieza primeval forest (Poland). Both developmental stages and mature spores were found during a histological study. The infection had about 40% prevalence at the investigated locality. Plasmodia were polysporic. Elongated plasmodia with an average size of 30 by 8 µm occupied bile ducts and larger rounded plasmodia up to 80 µm in diameter were found in liver parenchyma where they most probably entered after the ducts had been destructed. Plasmodia in both locations elicited a vigorous inflammatory reaction. Spores were of an ovoid shape, 7 µm long, 5.4 µm wide and about 3.5 µm thick. They had two shell valves and two equal polar capsules, located in opposite ends of the spore.
Toxoplasma gondii Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908 is an apicomplexan parasite with a worldwide distribution. It is of great medical and veterinary importance because it may cause abortion or congenital disease in its intermediate hosts, including man. The European bison, the largest herbivorous animal in Europe, is a species that has been saved from extinction. Twenty-four of 95 examined sera of the European bison (Bison bonasus bonasus) from the Białowieża Forest, Poland collected from 2008 to 2011 were found to be positive for the presence of T. gondii-specific IgG antibodies using a direct agglutination test, with the antibody titre in positive animals ranging from 40 to 18000. Statistically significant differences were observed only between years of sample collection. This is the first report on T. gondii in lowland European bison living in the natural environment.
The phylum Microsporidia is a large group of parasitic unicellular eukaryotes that infect a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate taxa. These organisms are significant human and veterinary pathogens with impacts on medicine, agriculture and aquaculture. Scientists working on these pathogens represent diverse disciplines that have had limited opportunities for detailed interactions. A NATO Advanced Research Workshop 'Emergent Pathogens in the 21st Century: First United Workshop on Microsporidia from Invertebrate and Vertebrate Hosts' was held July 12-15, 2004 at the Institute of Parasitology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic to bring together experts in insect, fish, veterinary and human microsporidiosis for the exchange of information on these pathogens. At this meeting, discussions were held on issues related to taxonomy and phylogeny. It was recognized that microsporidia are related to fungi, but the strong opinion of the participants was that the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature should continue to be applied for taxonomic descriptions of the Microsporidia and that they be treated as an independent group emerging from a paraphyletic fungi. There continues to be exponential growth in the pace and volume of research on these ubiquitous intracellular protists. The small genomes of these organisms and the reduction in the size of many of their genes are of interest to many disciplines. Many microsporidia are dimorphic and the mechanisms underlying these morphologic changes remain to be elucidated. Epidemiologic studies to clarify the source of human microsporidiosis and ecologic studies to understand the multifaceted relationship of the Microsporidia and their hosts are important avenues of investigation. Studies on the Microsporidia should prove useful to many fields of biologic investigation.
France has a high rate of production of new housing and the Global Financial Crisis has had little impact on a country of fixed-rate housing loans and strong guarantees for home-buyers. At the same time, the social rental sector, managed by a powerful network of public and private (not-for-profit) companies, has greatly increased its housing production thanks to the use of a financial mechanism that is independent of mainstream finance. Housing should be easily available throughout France. But this is not the case in the capital region and for some disadvantaged households. Critics regularly speak out against the deficiencies of French housing policies. Opponents of increased public spending consider that too much public money is being spent on this, while supporters of the free market say that the legal and institutional framework hinders private initiatives. Advocates of homeless people and low-income groups complain about the high cost of housing and segregation processes. This paper presents the debates and discussions regarding the pros and cons of housing policies in France at a time of severe budgetary constraints.
The primary aim was to determine frequencies of mutations related to risk of venous thrombosis in healthy Caucasians in Central Bohemia. In a cohort of 1527 healthy individuals the frequency of risk alleles for the mutations FV Leiden and FII 20210G>A was 4.5 % and 1.3 %, respectively. Frequency of 4G PAI-1 allele was 55.5 %. Genotype frequencies were: GG 91.03 %, GA 8.91 %, an d AA 0.07 % for FV Leiden; GG 97.45 %, GA 2.49 %, and AA 0.07 % for FII 20210G>A; 4G/4G 30.26 %, 4G/5G 50.56 %, and 5G/5G 19.19 % for PAI-1. Frequency of the risk allele A in polymorphism SERPINC1 (IVS +141G >A) was 11.3 %, and frequencies of genotypes were as follows: GG 78.36 %, GA 20.66 %, and AA 0.98 %. Frequency of the risk allele T for polymorphism GP6 13254T>C was 87.7 %, and frequencies of genotypes were as follows: TT 77.14 %, TC 21.15 %, and CC 1.70 %. Frequency of the risk allele A in polymorphism CYP4V2 (Lys259Gln ) was 65.2 %, and frequencies of genotypes were: CC 12.25 %, CA 45.12 %, and AA 42.63 %. All observed genotypes and alleles frequencies were without gender differences. Their occurrences confirm a relatively high prevalence of hereditary thrombophilia predisposition in the Czech Republic., T. Kvasnička ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Chaos is present in many aspect of life. It is very difficult to detect and control chaotic behavior in nonlinear engineering dynamical systems. This contribution deals about some devices for generation of chaotic signals, for example about Chua's circuit, chaos module and analog chaotic oscillators. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Four new species of the genus Hatschekia Poche, 1902 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Hatschekiidae) are described based on female specimens collected from pufferfishes (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae) caught in coastal waters off the Ryukyu Islands, Japan: H. longiabdominalis sp. n. on Arothron hispidus (Linnaeus), H. geniculata sp. n. on A. hispidus (type host) and A. stellatus (Bloch et Schneider), H. ellipsocorpa sp. n. on A. mappa (Lesson), and H. boonah sp. n. on A. nigropunctatus (Bloch et Schneider) (type host) and A. meleagris (Schneider). Hatschekia longiabdominalis sp. n. and H. boonah sp. n. differ from all other congeners by sharing an unusual, projected abdomen and a fusiform trunk with posterior lobes; these two species are differentiated from each other by the shape of the dorsal chitinous frame on the cephalothorax. Hatschekia geniculata sp. n. can be distinguished by the combination of the following morphological characters: a rhomboidal cephalothorax with a pair of lateral conical protrusions, a cylindrical trunk with posterior lobes and a bent abdomen with a dorsal protrusion. Hatschekia ellipsocorpa sp. n. resembles H. pholas (Wilson, 1906) but can be distinguished from the latter by the possession of one distal and one inner setae on the terminal endopodal segment of legs 1 and 2. Hatschekia pholas is also redescribed based on female specimens from the tetraodontid A. stellatus. At present, 44 nominal species of the genus have been reported from Japan, including four new species described in this paper; 38 of them have been described originally from Japan.
In respect of its morphology, biology and epidemiology, Hyalomma (Euhyalomma) impressum Koch, 1844 is one of the more poorly studied ticks of the genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844. No comprehensive morphological study has been done to date, and the nymph has not been described. Here the adults and larva are redescribed, and the nymph is described for the first time. Data on hosts, geographical distribution and disease relationships are provided.
Hyalomma (Euhyalomma) lusitanicum Koch, 1844 and Hyalomma (Euhyalomma) franchinii Tonelli Rondelli, 1932 are amongst the most poorly studied of those species within the genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844 that are restricted to the Mediterranean region. No comprehensive morphological study has been done to date, and the immature stages of H. (E.) franchinii have not been described. Here all the parasitic stages of H. (E.) lusitanicum and the adults of H. (E.) franchinii are redescribed, and the immature stages of the latter species are described for the first time. Data on hosts, geographic distribution and disease relationships are provided.