The article deals with the topic of migration from cities to villages in the Czech Republic and Austria and the opportunities for the social integration of newcomers. It relates partly to the problems of suburbanisation but is not limited to just migration to suburban villages. The analysis is based on a qualitative study conducted in 2003-2004 using grounded theory, and it examines the subjective viewpoints of the incomers and their assessments of their situation. The author reveals two different patterns of motivation for migration, presents a typology of relationships between the incomers and the village community, and distinguishes three basic 'orientations' among the incomers: a village orientation, a city orientation, and an orientation towards self-sufficiency. These specific orientations emerge in the process of mutual interaction between the preferences of the incomers and the integration opportunities offered by particular villages; they are not exclusive and can change over time. The author closes with a summary of the differences between the situation in the Czech Republic and Austria, which may be a result of different structural conditions and different historical backgrounds.
Abstract: This article deals with the social introspection approach of the Czech sociologist I. A. Bláha. Its aim is not only to introduce the method but also to explore the potentials and the limits of this approach in understanding social reality. The author looks at Wittgenstein's argument against a private language as a critique of the introspective method and briefly analyses the phenomenological approach in sociology to asses the boundaries of the introspective approach. Theoretical conclusions on the application of the introspection method in sociology are drawn at the end of the article, allowing the author to assess the applicability of Blaha's method.
This study reviews existing research devoted to the topic of social support in childhood cancer survivors, the structure of their social network and its influence to selected characteristics of childhood cancer patients and survivors according to the source of support. Parents, siblings, friends, medical staff, classmates and teachers are analyzed as support sources. Positive as well as negative social support outcomes are reported. Among the positive outcomes, lower levels of anxiety, loneliness and pain, quality of life improvements and strenghtening of coping strategies can be named. Negative outcomes can be represented for example by excessive paren tal care, lack of privacy and feeling of being left out after the end of treatment. The limits of existing research are discussed, too., Tereza Blažková, Veronika Koutná., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Příspěvek seznamuje čtenáře s tématem sociální opory a shrnuje uskutečněné výzkumy v této oblasti v České republice a na Slovensku. Dále poukazuje na mimořádně širokou paletu možností další vědecké činnosti tím, že stručně uvádí do problematiky nadaných, dvakrát výjimečných a školsky podvýkonných dětí. To vše s přehledem literatury, která by měla zájemce o dané jevy dovést k hlubšímu poznání. and The paper acquaints the reader with the subject of social support and summarizes research in this field in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Introducing the issues of gifted, twice-exceptional and underachieved children, the paper also points at the broad range of research possibilities in future. There is also a list of literature related to given phenomena.
Pomáhajúce profesie sú vo zvýšenej miere vystavené riziku syndrómu vyhorenia, ktorý má negatívny dopad nielen na pracovnú oblasť, ale aj na celkovú kvalitu života. V tejto štúdii sme u študentov pomáhajúcich profesií skúmali vplyv sociálno-psychologického výcviku na úroveň syndrómu vyhorenia a takisto na úroveň osobnostných faktorov, ktoré sa vo vzťahu k vyhoreniu považujú za protektívne (sebaúcta, zmysel pre integritu).
V štúdii bol využitý kvázi experimentálny pre- test post- test výskumný dizajn, výskumu sa zúčastnilo 111 VŠ študentov psychológie a ošetrovateľstva rozdelených do experimentálnej a kontrolnej skupiny (priemerný vek 20,7; ±2,8; 86,1 % žien). Experimentálna skupina sa zúčastnila sociálno-psychologického tréningu v trvaní 6 mesiacov. Ako meracie nástroje boli použité štandardizované dotazníky SBI (School Burnout Inventory) pre hodnotenie úrovne vyhorenia, dotazník SOC (Sense of Coherence) merajúci zmysel pre integritu, a Rosenbergova škála sebaúcty (Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale). Na štatistické spracovanie sa aplikovala lineárna regresia a analýza rozptylu.
Výsledky ukázali, že sociálno-psychologický tréning mal pozitívny vplyv tak na úroveň vyhorenia, ako aj na úroveň osobnostných prediktorov syndrómu vyhorenia. Po absolvovaní tréningu sa úroveň vyhorenia v experimentálnej skupine významne znížila (95 % konfidenčný interval: 0,93, 9,25), zatiaľ čo v kontrolnej skupine nebola zaznamenaná zmena. Naopak zmysel pre integritu sa vo výskumnej skupine zvýšil (95 % konfidenčný interval: -9,11, -2,64). V prípade úrovne sebaúcty nebola zaznamenaná zmena ani vo výskumnej, ani v kontrolnej skupine.
Sociálno-psychologický výcvik sa ukázal ako účinná podporná metóda pozitívne ovplyvňujúca syndróm vyhorenia u študentov. Keďže mechanizmy zvládania záťaže využívané počas štúdia súvisia s copingovými stratégiami neskôr uplatňovanými v profesionálnej praxi, možno považovať túto metódu aj za účinný podporný nástroj prevencie vyhorenia pracovníkov pomáhajúcich profesií. and Helping professions are at a higher risk of burnout which has a negative impact not only on their professional performance but also on the overall quality of their life. In this research study we examined the effect of psychosocial training on the level of the burnout syndrome and the levels of personality factors that are supposed to have a protective function with regard to burnout (self-esteem, sense of coherence) in students of helping professions.
A quasi-experimental pre-test post-test design was used in this study. A total of 111 university students divided into an experimental and a control group were included in the research (age 20.7, ±2.8; 86.1 % females). The experimental group participated in a six-month psychosocial training program. Standardized questionnaires were used as measuring instruments, SBI (School Burnout Inventory) to assess the level of burnout, SOC questionnaire (Sense of Coherence) for measuring the sense of integrity and Rosenberg selfesteem scale. Linear regression and analysis of variance were applied to the statistical analysis of data. The results show that psychosocial training had a positive impact on the level of burnout, as well as on personality predictors of burnout. After completing the training, the level of burnout in the experimental group decreased significantly (95 % confidence interval: 0.93, 9.25), while in the control group no significant change was observed. On the other hand, sense of coherence in the research group has increased (95 % confidence interval: -9.11, 2.64). No significant changes were found in the self-esteem levels in either group.
Psychosocial training proved to be an effective supportive method positively influencing burnout in students of helping professions. Since coping strategies used during the study tend to be associated significantly with the strategies applied later in professional practice, this method can be considered to be an effective supportive tool in the prevention of burnout in helping professions.
The article presents a review of the research activities of the Socio-Economics of Housing research team. The Socio-economics of Housing team is one of the research teams at the Institute of Sociology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. The main research activities of the team include sociological research concerning attitudes towards housing in the Czech Republic, international comparisons of housing policies and social housing systems, and econometric simulations of policy reforms, like rent deregulation, the introduction of housing allowance and social housing, housing finance, housing market efficiency, and house price indices.