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29692. The occurrence of the hazel dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius, in the south-western Baltic region and its biogeographical implications
- Creator:
- Schnick, Hilmar H. and Büchner, Sven
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- island populations, vegetation history, Denmark, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, and Ruegen
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The occurrence of hazel dormice on some islands in the Baltic Sea raises the question about the origin of these long isolated populations. The spread of hazel dormice from their Pleistocene shelters in southern Europe to the north was facilitated by a rapid spread of hazel during the Boreal after 10800 cal. yr BP and subsequently hazel dominated woodlands in central Europe. The immigration of the hazel dormouse from central Germany to Ruegen is not supported by findings and seems to be unlikely due to habitat fragmentation in the north-eastern German mainland. This is indicated by areas of poor sandy soils with poor pine forests besides wide and sandy river valleys and wetlands. In contrast, immigration via Denmark is rather possible considering the post-glacial development of the south-western Baltic Sea region. Especially the Darss Sill could have been used as a land bridge between south-eastern Denmark and north-eastern Germany about 9800 to 8800 cal. yr BP. A further migration of the species towards the east, e.g. to Bornholm, might be prohibited by the existence of the vast Oder River valley.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29693. The onset of apoptosis of neurons induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury is delayed by transient period of hypertension in rats
- Creator:
- Martin Smrčka, Marcel Horký, Filip Otevřel, Šárka Kuchtíčková, Vladimír Kotala, and Jan Mužík
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, hypertenze, apoptóza, hypertension, apoptosis, neuroprotection, MADD, PARP-1, Caspase-3, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- a1_We investigated the potential neuroprotective effect of transient hypertension on neuronal cell death induced by ischemia-reperfusion. Recovery of neurons, terminally differentiated cells, is almost entirely dependent upon active transcription and repair of DNA damage. We focused on the histochemical detection of distribution of NOR (argyrophylic nucleolar proteins) reflecting nucleolar integrity, immunohistochemical detection of PARP-1 (poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1), MADD (mitogen-activated death domain), a protein accumulated in nucleoli upon stimulation by ischemia, the active form of caspase-3, a universal proteolytic enzyme of apoptosis. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end-labeling method (TUNEL) proved the presence of in situ DNA fragmentation. We used the model of transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats with occlusion of middle cerebral artery. In experimental group of rats, the transient hypertension was induced by constriction of the abdominal aorta. The period of ischemia lasted 15, 30, 60 and 120 min followed by 48 h of reperfusion. We examined the frontal lobe of the ipsilateral hemisphere for apoptosis of neurons and compared it with the intact brain tissue. In normotensive rats with transient focal cerebral ischemia, we found disintegrated nucleoli of cortical as well as subcortical neurons at all investigated periods of ischemia, whereas the neurons of intact animals showed compact nucleoli with a few satellites. Nuclear positivity for MADD and PARP-1 was apparent in the neocortex after 15 min and peaked after 30 min of ischemia. On the other hand, the subcortical neurons showed nuclear positivity after 60 and 120 min. The immunohistochemical reaction for active caspase 3 was apparent after 30 min onwards predominantly in the cortex. The TUNEL staining was distinct after 60 and 120 min., a2_In hypertensive rats, we found nucleolar disintegration, positivity for MADD, PARP-1 and caspase 3 after 30 min cortically and subcortically, followed by TUNEL positive staining of cortical neurons after 60 and 120 min. In summary, we detected delayed activation of neuronal apoptosis in transiently hypertensive rats with focal cerebral ischemia compared to normotensive animals. The apoptotic phenotype was confirmed by a panel of complementary methods showing rapid proteolysis-nucleolar segregation, MADD, PARP-1 and caspase-3 positivity as well as ultimate DNA fragmentation proved by the TUNEL assay., M. Smrčka, M. Horký, F. Otevřel, Š. Kuchtíčková, V. Kotala, J. Mužík., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29694. The opposite polarity of the PQ segment compared to the P wave isointegral maps
- Creator:
- Katarína Kozlíková, Juraj Martinka, Ján Murín, and Jozef Bulas
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, arteriální hypertenze, infarkt myokardu, arterial hypertension, myocardial infarction, body surface potential mapping, atrial repolarisation, left ventricular hypertrophy, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of our work was to study the opposite polarity of the PQ segment to the P wave body surface potential maps in different groups of patients. We constructed isointegral maps (IIM) in 26 healthy controls (C), 16 hypertensives (HT), 26 patients with arterial hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and 15 patients with myocardial infarction (MI). We analyzed values and positions of map extrema and compared the polarity of maps using the correlation coefficien t. The IIM P maxima appeared mainly over the precordium, the minima mainly in the right subclavicular area. The highest ma xima were in the MI group, being significantly higher than in the HT and LVH groups. No differences concerning any values of other extrema were significant. The IIM PQ maxima were distributed over the upper half of the chest; the minima mainly over the middle sternum. A statistically significant opposite polarity between the IIM P and IIM PQ was found in 80 % of cases. The opposite polarity of the P wave and the PQ segment was proved in isointegral body surface maps. The extrema occurr ed in areas not examined by the standard chest leads. This has to be considered for diagnostic purposes., K. Kozlíková ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29695. The origin of Masson's Massacres
- Creator:
- Cox, Neil
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29696. The osmotic component of ethanol and urea action is critical for their immediate stimulation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) release from rat brain septum
- Creator:
- Kučerová, J. and Vladimír Štrbák
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, ethanol, močovina, urea, TRH, septum, cell volume, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- There is considerable evidence linking alcohol consumption and sedation and TRH in the brain septum. Moreover, innate septal TRH concentration is inversely related to the degree of ethanol preference. Recently we demonstrated in rats that four-week ethanol drinking increased the septal TRH content by 50 %. We had shown previously that ethanol induces neuronal swelling, which is known to evoke the secretion of hormones, peptides and amino acids from various types of cells. We have therefore explored the effect of hyposmotic medium and of 80 and 160 mM ethanol and 80 mM urea (both permeant molecules) in isosmotic and hyperosmotic (preventing cell swelling) media on the in vitro release of TRH by the rat septum. Lowering medium osmolarity resulted in a hyposmolarity-related increase in TRH secretion. Both ethanol and urea stimulated TRH release only in isosmolar solution. Our data indicate that ethanol in clinically relevant concentrations can induce TRH release from the septum by a mechanism involving neuronal swelling., J. Kučeorvá, V. Štrbák., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29697. The overview of anatomical variations and congenital anomalies of the uterine tubes and their impact on fertility
- Creator:
- Csöbönyeiová, Mária, Klein, Martin, Feitscherová, Claudia, Pavlíková, Lada, Kachlík, David, and Varga, Ivan
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- anatomical variations, congenital anomalies, uterine tube, fertility, agenesis, accessory uterine tube, accessory ostium, paratubal cysts, and terminological discrepancies
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Anatomical variations and congenital anomalies of the uterine tubes (UTAVsCAs) are rare conditions, which are often undiagnosed, or accidentally diagnosed upon imaging, laparotomy, laparoscopy for unrelated condition, or during the Cesarean section. UTAVsCAs are often asymptomatic, but their clinical relevance lies in their possibly adverse impact on fertility. Since their rare occurrence, they are usually published as case reports. The most typically described are: agenesis of the uterine tubes (UTs), accessory UT (UT duplication), accessory UT ostium, and paratubal cysts (e.g. the hydatid cyst of Morgagni). UTAVsCAs are classified into an umbrella category of Müllerian duct anomalies (MDAs) which comprises anomalous development of all the organs developing from the paramesonephric (Müllerian) ducts, i.e., UTs, uterus and upper portion of the vagina. Interestingly, most of the classification systems of MDAs discuss solely the uterine and vaginal anomalies, while the UTs are often utterly ignored. This probably originates from the fact that UTs are no longer interesting for many clinicians as they think of UTs as superfluous organs whose function can be easily replaced in the in vitro fertilization (IVF) laboratory. Indeed, the modern reproductive medicine has been helping enormously with the conception of infertile couples. In many instances, the UTs are in fact successfully bypassed and a “test-tube” baby is born. Nevertheless, the UTs are still absolutely unique in providing suitable environment for fertilization and early embryo development - processes that has not been still completely understood. This fact could partially explain why the success rate of IVF is “only” around 30-50 % depending on age. Therefore, the research of the UTAVsCAs is still clinically relevant in the context of reproductive medicine and should not be omitted from research endeavors.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29698. The pacemaker activity of interstitial cells of Cajal and gastric electrical activity
- Creator:
- Petra Čamborová, Hubka, P., Igor Šulla, and Ivan Hulín
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, interstitial cells of Cajal, gastric electrical activity, pacemaker of the stomach, kit-receptor, electrogastrography, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are the pacemaker cells in the gut. They have special properties that make them unique in their ability to generate and propagate slow waves in gastrointestinal muscles. The electrical slow wave activity determines the characteristic frequency of phasic contractions of the stomach, intestine and colon. Slow waves also determine the direction and velocity of propagation of peristaltic activity, in concert with the enteric nervous system. Characterization of receptors and ion channels in the ICC membrane is under way, and manipulation of slow wave activity markedly alters the movement of contents through the gut. Gastric myoelectrical slow wave activity produced by pacemaker cells (ICC) can be reflected by electrogastrography (EGG). Electrogastrography is a perspective non-invasive method that can detect gastric dysrhythmias associated with symptoms of nausea or delayed gastric emptying., P. Čamborová, P. Hubka, I. Sulková, I. Hulín., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29699. The paradox of moralistic fallacy: a case against the dangerous knowledge
- Creator:
- Ondráček, Tomáš
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- moralistic fallacy, reverse naturalistic fallacy, Bernard D. Davis, paradox of moralistic fallacy, dangerous knowledge, moralistický omyl, reverzní naturalistický omyl, paradox moralistického omylu, and nebezpečná znalost
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- In this article, the concept of moralistic fallacy introduced by B. D. Davis is elaborated on in more detail. Th e main features of this fallacy are discussed, and its general form is presented. Th e moralistic fallacy might have some undesirable outcomes. Some of them might even be in direct confl ict to the original moral position. If this occurs, it is possible to characterize it as a paradox of moralistic fallacy. Th e possibility of this paradox provides a further reason not to prevent any scientifi c inquiries and not to depict any knowledge as dangerous. and V článku je rozveden koncept moralistického omylu, který předložil B. D. Davis. Jsou diskutovány základní charakteristiky tohoto omylu s cílem představit jeho obecnou formu. Moralistický omyl má přitom nechtěné následky, z nichž některé dokonce mohou být v přímém rozporu s původní morální pozicí, která stojí v začátku tohoto samotného omylu. Pokud takovýto stav nastane, lze ukázat, že moralistický omyl způsobuje paradox. Možnost takovéhoto paradoxu pak poskytuje důvod k tomu, aby bylo odmítnuto omezování vědeckého zkoumání a aby nebyla žádná znalost charakterizována jako nebezpečná.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29700. The pattern of changes in photosynthetic apparatus in response to cold acclimation and de-acclimation in two contrasting cultivars of oilseed rape
- Creator:
- Rapacz, M. and Hura, K.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Brassica napus var. oleifera, carbon metabolism, chlorophyll fluorescence, cultivar differences, elongation growth rate, low temperature, photosynthesis, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, and sucrose-phosphate sythase
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- In spring and winter cultivars of oilseed rape (Brassica napus var. oleifera), acclimation of photosynthetic apparatus to cold was connected with the increase in activities of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPCO) and sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS). Conversely, cold de-acclimation entailed the decline of RuBPCO and SPS activities. The rate of this photosynthetic de-acclimation might depend on day temperature. On the other hand, temperature rise during de-acclimation (identical during the day and night) resulted in the improvement of photosynthetic activity measured by means of chlorophyll fluorescence. An increase in SPS activity (and even transitory increase in RuBPCO activity) was observed when the elongation growth rate (EGR) accelerated during de-acclimation. Throughout re-acclimation, plants with high EGR were unable to maintain or recover higher photosynthetic capacity, despite the fact that SPS activity remained high or even increased during re-acclimation. and M. Rapacz, K. Hura.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public