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29923. Spravedlivý přístup při testování: neuropsychologická diagnostika neslyšících a nedoslýchavých osob. Překlad a úpravy testu AVLT

Creator:
Chudožilov Bendová, Marie, Holubová, Kateřina, and Zaytseva, Yuliya
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
neuropsychologická diagnostika, modifikované testy, neslyšící a nedoslýchaví, AVLT, neuropsychological assessment, modified tests, and deaf and hard-of-hearing people
Language:
Czech
Description:
Cíle. V českém prostředí se nachází poměrně velká skupina osob se sluchovou ztrátou (v řádech desítek tisíců), pro jejíž diagnostiku jsou stávající neuropsychologické metody obtížně využitelné. Článek popisuje převod klasického neuropsychologického verbálního paměťového testu (AVLT) z běžné formy v mluveném českém jazyce – ČJ – do vizuální podoby (psaného českého jazyka – PČJ) a do vizuomotorické podoby (českého znakového jazyka – ČZJ). Soubor a metody. 60 neslyšících a nedoslýchavých respondentů bylo otestováno preferovanou formou AVLT (v psané či ČZJ verzi), jako kontrolní test byla použita metoda BVRT. Hypotézy. Autoři ověřovali funkčnost obou verzí, předpokládali, že výsledky respondentů budou odpovídat již existujícím výsledkům na základě kvalitativního porovnání s normativním souborem a známými trendy. Byla předpokládána korelace výsledků AVLT s BVRT. Statistické analýzy. Kvůli zešikmenosti dat byla použita neparametrická statistika. Upravené verze se neliší od původní verze a mezi sebou navzájem (p > 0,05), byl potvrzen vliv některých demografických proměnných, které odpovídají původním výsledkům (p < 0,05). Jednotlivé skóry AVLT se mezi skupinami signifikantně neliší (p > 0,05). Korelace AVLT-BVRT byla nevýznamná (Spearmanovo ró, p > 0,05). Výsledky. Pomocí testování byly získány výsledky neslyšících a nedoslýchavých osob v podstatě odpovídající normativním souborům. Tyto výsledky potvrdily funkčnost adaptovaných metod, mohou sloužit jako vodítka pro neuropsychologické testování. Adaptované testy lze využívat jednak jako behaviorální korelát k využití neurovědných metod (zejména fMRI), jednak jako metodu pro verbální paměťové vyšetření neslyšících a nedoslýchavých osob (důležité např. v kontextu diagnostiky kognitivních deficitů či poruch učení). Možnosti a omezení stávajícího výběru neuropsychologických metod pro neslyšící a nedoslýchavé jsou diskutovány. Limity. Limitem výzkumu tvoří z charakteru skupiny vyplývající nižší zobecnitelnost výsledků, nenáhodný výběr respondentů a samotná procedura testování; do budoucna se doporučuje pro konvergentní validitu zvolit jiný test, než BVRT. and Objectives. In the context of Czech cultural environment, there is a relatively large group of people (in the order of tens of thousands at minimum) with hearing impairment who cannot be examined by usual neuropsychological methods. This article describes the adaptation of a classical neuropsychological verbal memory test (Auditory Verbal Learning Test) to visual form (written Czech language – WCL) and translation to visuomotor form (Czech Sign Language – CSL). Sample and settings. 60 deaf and hard-of-hearing (HOH) respondents were tested by a version of AVLT (WCL/CSL) according to their preferred mode of communication, BVRT was used as a control test. Hypotheses. The authors hypothesized that both AVLT versions are functional, and that the results of the respondents correspond with the previously published norms. A correlation of AVLT and BVRT results among the groups was assumed. Statistical analysis. Due to the skewness of the data, nonparametric statistics were used. The adjusted versions do not differ significantly from the original version and from one another (p > 0.05), the influence of certain demographic variables was confirmed (p < 0.05). Individual AVLT scores did not differ significantly between groups (p > 0.05). AVLT-BVRT correlation proved non-significant (Spearman’s rho, p > 0.05). Results. The obtained results proved the functionality of adaptations. The results of deaf and hard of hearing people that were obtained essentially correspond to the normative data. Adapted tests can be used both as a behavioral correlate for the use of neuroscience methods or as a method for verbal memory examination of deaf and hard of hearing people (for example in the context of diagnosing cognitive deficits or learning difficulties). The possibilities and limitations of the selection of neuropsychological methods for deaf and HOH respondents are discussed. Limitations. The research was limited by non-random selection and a smaller number and heterogeneity of participants and by the procedure of testing; in the future, authors recommend choosing a test other than BVRT to determine convergent validity.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

29926. Spring diet and trophic relationships between piscivorous fishes in Kaniv Reservoir (Ukraine)

Creator:
Didenko, Alexander V. and Gurbyk, Alexander B.
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Esox lucius, Silurus glanis, Sander lucioperca, Perca fluviatilis, and fish diet
Language:
English
Description:
Four piscivorous fishes such as pike, Esox lucius, European catfish, Silurus glanis, pikeperch, Sander lucioperca, and Eurasian perch, Perca fluviatilis, co-occur in Kaniv Reservoir (Ukraine). In total, 47 food items were identified in their diets including remains of fish and invertebrates. Sixteen prey items were identified in pike diet including 15 fish species; 33 prey items in European catfish diet smong which 20 fish species; 21 prey items in pikeperch diet, among which 18 fish species; and 28 prey items in perch diet, among which 12 fish species. The most important prey for pike were roach, Rutilus rutilus (%IRI = 25,9 %), Prussian carp, Carassius gibelio (34,7 %), and perch (18.4 %); for catfish - roach (55,5%) and perch (20,6 %); for pikeperch - roach (52,8 %) and perch (34.1 %); and for perch - monkey goby, Neogobius fluviatilis (85.7 %). Highest diet overlap indices were observed between catfish and pikeperch (84.8 %) while the lowest between catfish an perch (33.7 %). No significant difference was observed between the average sizes of fish prey in the stomachs of pikeperch and European catfish (t-test, P >0.05) but there were significant differences between all other pair of piscivorous species (t-test, P <0.001).
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

29927. Spring migration of birds in relation to North Atlantic Oscillation

Creator:
Hubálek, Zdeněk
Type:
article and TEXT
Subject:
phenology, migration, weather, climate, temperature, and NAO
Language:
English
Description:
Long-term spring phenological instants of 57 migratory bird species, i.e. arrival in summer visitors and departure in winter visitors, were recorded in South Moravia (Czech Republic) from 1952 through 2001 and evaluated for annual correspondence with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) weather system. The migration instants occurred significantly earlier following positive winter/spring NAO index values (causing periods warmer than normal in Europe) in a number of short-distance migrants with a European winter range (e.g., Alauda arvensis, Columba palumbus, Corvus frugilegus, Motacilla alba, Phoenicurus ochruros, Phylloscopus collybita, Serinus serinus, Sturnus vulgaris, Vanellus vanellus), whereas they did not correlate with NAO in most long-distance migrants having a sub-Saharan winter range (e.g., Acrocephalus spp., Anthus trivialis, Apus apus, Cuculus canorus, Delichon urbica, Ficedula albicollis, Hippolais icterina, Hirundo rustica, Jynx torquilla, Lanius collurio, Locustella spp., Muscicapa striata, Oriolus oriolus, Phylloscopus sibilatrix, Riparia riparia, Streptopelia turtur, Sylvia spp.). The winter/spring (especially February and March) NAO conditions thus affect the migration timing of short-distance migrants that winter in western or southern Europe, and could explain their earlier than normal arrival that had been observed in Europe since the 1980s.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

29928. Spring migration rates and community structure of amphibians breeding in an old and newly established midfield ponds

Creator:
Brzeziński, Marcin and Mętrak, Monika
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
pond fidelity, colonization, anurans, and newts
Language:
English
Description:
We studied the amphibian breeding migration into an old established (the beginning of the 1990s) pond and a new one (2007), using drift fences in 2008-2011. The two ponds were located at a distance of about 0.5 km from one another in a post-agricultural landscape in the Mazurian Lakeland, north-eastern Poland. We examined the community structure and migration rates of adults and juveniles. The amphibian breeding communities were similar in the two ponds in each year. The moor frog Rana arvalis was the most common species and comprised between 35 and 55 % of all adult amphibians migrating to both ponds. The new pond was colonized by adult amphibians in the first spring after its creation. In the second year, the amphibian migration rates doubled in the new pond and remained stable over the next two years. However, during the entire period of the study the old pond was a more attractive spawning site than the new pond, when measured by the number of migrating individuals of all recorded species. Despite some annual variation, there were no significant differences between the ponds in terms of the sex structure, mean body mass or migration timing of the predominant amphibian species. The most probable explanation for the observed differences in the rates of migration is breeding site fidelity.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

29929. Spring to autumn home range and habitat use of a high density population of the grey partridge (Perdix perdix) in Praha, Czech Republic

Creator:
Šálek, Miroslav, Marhoul, Pavel, and Pintíř, Jan
Type:
article and TEXT
Subject:
grey partridge, radiotracking, compositional analysis, habitat preference, weed habitats, and agricultural landscape
Language:
English
Description:
A study of home range and habitat use was carried out on grey partridge (Perdix perdix) in a high density population (24–33 pairs /km2) in the south-west part of Praha, Czech Republic from 1997 to 1999. Radiotracking of individual partridge was used in the study (n = 11). Breeding period (March – June 15) and post-breeding period (June 16 – October) were analysed separately. Home range size (minimum convex polygon 95%) in the breeding period averaged 3.7 ha with a significant increase up to 8.7 ha in the post-breeding period. The majority of partridge ranges were located within dominant crop fields and idle habitats (unmanaged early stages of plant succession) referred to as weeds. Both high population density and small individual home ranges may result from the wide availability of weeds, whose attractiveness was probably due to availability of nesting sites, sufficient food supply for both partridge chicks and adults and adequate escape cover. Despite a high population density, there is an indication of little home range overlaps between pairs during the breeding period.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

29930. Springback, internal elastic energy and stored energy

Creator:
Kafka, Vratislav
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
springback, microstructures, and constitutive behavior
Language:
English
Description:
Author‘s general mesomechanical concept is applied to explanation of the physical background of the phenomenon of springback and to its modeling. The internal elastic stress field in the material is modeled on the mesoscale and the variations of this field clarify the main features of springback that are observed experimentally in the process of loading, unloading and loading-free creep. Attention is not paid to minute description of the stress-strain diagram appearing in the course of unloading, but to the value of the residual strain after unloading, which is important from the technical point of view. It is shown how creep after unloading depends on stored energy. and Obsahuje seznam literatury a názvosloví
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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