We studied the responses of gas exchange, leaf morphology, and growth to irradiance in Taihangia rupestris, a naturally rare herb inhabiting only vertical cliff faces. In low irradiance (LI, 10 % of full sun) T. rupestris had lower net photosynthetic rate (PN) and produced much less leaves, total leaf area, and biomass than in high (HI, full sun) or medium irradiance (MI, 50 % of full sun). PN of T. rupestris was higher in HI than in MI on August 8, but lower in HI than in MI on September 22. T. rupestris had shorter petioles and lower leaf area ratio, and produced more but smaller and thicker leaves in HI than in MI. In HI the fast production of new leaves may guarantee T. rupestris to maintain higher PN at the whole plant level and thus accumulate more biomass at harvest, although the single-leaf PN may become lower as found on September 22. Hence T. rupestris possesses a latent capacity to acclimate and adapt to full sun. Irradiance, therefore, may not be a responsible factor for the restricted distribution of T. rupestris on vertical cliffs. and Min Tang ... [et al.].
Unilateral deafferentation induced by transection of the C4-C8 dorsal roots of spinal cord, followed by a complex of abnormal self-mutilating behavior, is interpreted as an animal model of chronic nociception. The objective of our study was to test the differences in tail-flick latency between intact control and unilaterally deafferented animals and to assess the changes in their acute nociceptive sensation. The initial hypothesis was that deafferentation-induced painful sensation might cause stress-induced analgesia that should be manifested as prolonged tail-flick latency. The experiment was carried out on 11 male and 10 female adult Wistar rats. The tail-flick latency was repeatedly measured over a period of 10 consecutive weeks both in the preoperative baseline period and following multiple cervical dorsal rhizotomy. Contrary to our hypothesis, unilateral deafferentation was followed by a significant shortening of the tail-flick latency both in males and females. In deafferented animals, compared to the controls, variations of tail-flick latency were reduced. In individual animals after deafferentation, concurrent dynamic changes were observed in self-mutilating behavior, in a loss and regaining of body weight, and in tail-flick latency. Our data suggest that changes in tail-flick latency may be interpreted in terms of central sensitization and that tail-flick latency might be considered as a useful marker of chronic nociception.
Čeleď kabarovitých představuje pro většinu lidí nejméně zajímavou čeleď kopytníků. Zahrnuje 7 málo známých druhů žijících ve východní Asii (od východního Afghánistánu přes Himálaj, Tibet a Čínu po střední a východní Sibiř). Tento článek obsahuje hlavní charakteristiky jednotlivých druhů včetně jejich fylogeneze a shrnuje dosavadní znalostí o životě kabarů. Vzhledem k tomu, že kabaři představují významný zdroj pro tradiční čínskou medicínu, stávají se v poslední době i jednou z nejvíce ohrožených čeledí kopytníků., The family Moschidae involves 7 species of musk deer, inhabiting forests and mountains of East Asia (from Afghanistan to the Himalayas, from Tibet and China to Siberia). This article summarizes current knowledge of individual species characteristics, including their phylogeny and natural history. Since these animals are a valuable source for the traditional Chinese medicine, they are the most endangered ungulate species in the world., and Jan Pluháček.
There are two genera of Eublepharid geckos described in Africa – Hemitheconyx and Holodactylus. The morphological differences of both species of genus Holodactylus – H. africanus and H. cornii, living in the Horn of Africa, are described. Although the basic information on ethology is also discussed, it is obvious that there are still many secrets concerning these interesting lizards. and Pavel Konečný, Tomáš Mazuch.