The altitudinal effects on photosynthesis were measured on progenies of three populations of Rosa platyacantha Schrenk from altitudes of 1,170 (L); 1,580 (M); and 1,920 (H) m a. s. l. During the day, net photosynthetic rate (PN) decreased in all populations due to the high air temperature in the summer. The H population showed a significantly lower PN at noon compared to other populations. The midday depression of PN occurred in L and M populations due to stomatal limitations, while PN inhibition was associated with PSII activity decline in the H population. In order to avoid photodamage, the plants of H population triggered active antioxidant defenses with a higher enzyme activity and redox ratio of ascorbate at midday compared to the L and M populations. However, more oxidative injury still occurred in the H plants at noon due to higher lipid peroxidation. Our results indicated that the provenance significantly affected photosynthesis in R. platyacantha from northwestern China., S. H. Yang, J. J. Wei, H. Ge., and Obsahuje bibliografii
An investigation of the relationship between the earliest Czech plainchant of the Jistebnický Kancionál (ca. 1420/1430) and the Czech plainchant of the following century shows that the latter is not always a direct adaption of Latin models. A comparison of the texts and music shows that some of the chants most likely depend on the earlier Czech plainchant, but updated, with the texts edited for grammatical or theological clarity, or with syllables added to the melismata. It is thus reasonable to speak of a continuous tradition of Czech plainchant from the 15th through the 16th centuries. Furthermore, watermarks and paleography can often date the later sources to several decades earlier than previously thought.
Photoinhibition is a significant constraint for improvement of radiation-use efficiency and yield potential in cereal crops. In this work, attached fully expanded leaves of seedlings were used to assay the factors determining photoinhibition and for evaluation of tolerance to photoinhibition in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Our results showed that even 1 h under PPFD of 600 µmol(photon) m-2 s-1 could significantly reduce maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) and performance index (PI) compared to low light [300 µmol(photon) m-2 s-1]. The decrease of Fv/Fm and PI was more noticeable with the increase of light intensity; irradiance higher than 800 µmol(photon) m-2 s-1 resulted in photoinhibition. Compared to 25°C, lower (20°C) or higher temperature (≥ 35°C) aggravated photoinhibition, while slightly high temperature (28°) alleviated photoinhibition. At 25°C, irradiance of 1,000 µmol(photon) m-2 s-1 for 1 h was enough to cause photoinhibition and a significant decrease of Fv/Fm, PI, trapped energy flux, electron transport flux, and density of reaction center as well as increase of dissipated energy flux per cross section were observed. In addition, seedlings at 21-32 days after planting showed a relatively stable phenotype, while the younger or older seedlings indicated an increased susceptibility to photoinhibition, especially in senescing leaves. Finally, six wheat varieties with relative tolerance to photoinhibition were identified from 22 Chinese winter wheat varieties by exposing attached leaves of the 25-d old seedlings for 1 h to 1,000 µmol(photon) m-2 s-1 at 25°C. Therefore, our work established a possible method for development of new wheat varieties with enhanced tolerance to photoinhibition., H. Li, Q. Zheng, J. Zhang, B. Li, Z. Li., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The antenna sizes of QB-reducing photosystem 2 (PS2) complexes in two different fractions of the subchloroplast particles were compared by measuring time corresponding to the second maximum of the first derivative from induction curve of chlorophyll fluorescence as a function of actinic irradiance. The QB-reducing PS2 complexes in the fraction of particles that originated from inner parts of grana thylakoids had smaller antennae than those in the fraction from non-appressed regions of thylakoid membranes.
The article aims to bring about a deeper understanding of the strong emphasis placed on the anti-authoritarian dimension of radical left politics by the Movement of Revolutionary Youth (HRM), a group made up mostly of students that was active in 1968–1969 in Czechoslovakia and was harshly repressed by the normalisation regime. This emphasis is expressed not only in their demands for cultural freedoms but also through a critical dialogue with the history of revolutionary Marxism and a rethinking of the past and the future of the socialist movement in which the most important divide is seen as being between authoritarianism and libertarianism or, in another formulation, centralism and self-government. Taking into account the prevalent image of Trotskyism, this anti-authoritarian emphasis might be considered surprising. Therefore, we discuss three possible explanations for it: (1) a generational reflection of the state socialist dictatorship and the experience of the student movement; (2) the internal dynamics of the development of Trotskyist and post-Trotskyist ideas; (3) the more general development imprinted in the so-called “global 1968” and “the long 1970s.” The combination of all these three contexts opened up space for various analytical insights and political accentuations that made it possible for the group to transcend both Western Trotskyism and the Czechoslovak “socialism with a human face.”
This study examined differences in the floor-plan preferences of architects and laypersons with no architectural education or experience (non-architects). Qualitative data on floor-plan preferences were collected using interviews and an online survey. The floor plans used in the online survey were differentiated primarily by spatial arrangements and included the original layout of a socialist prefab apartment and two contemporary redesigns of the space. The results showed significant differences in the floor-plan preferences of architects and non-architects. Topological properties of layout and a required level of privacy were identified as key factors influencing the between-group differences. Architects and non-architects disagreed in particular over how the public and private zones were defined and arranged in the apartment layouts. From the perspective of architectural practice, understanding non-architects’ preferences can decrease the uncertainty in new product development for an unknown end user and increase residential satisfaction.
The goal of this study is to determine the validity of morpholineaments network that was inferred based on morphostructural analysis of digital elevation model (DEM), by crosschecking with documented faults. The test field has been spread over the exploitation areas in the Zlaté Hory ore district. Various morphometric analyses such as slope, aspect, first directional derivative, gradient operator, combination of altitude and shaded relief, were chosen as particular tools of the morphostructural analysis. The results of each analysis were compared with the results of structural-tectonic mapping. The inferred morpholineaments network was compared with mining maps of the scale 1:500, which provide detailed information about tectonic deformation of rock massif in the area of interest and were used to image fault traces on the surface. The validity of inferred morpholineaments network was determined by authorized software SROV_TEKT, developed by the authors. The morpholineaments network resulting from the morphostructural analysis and tested by this software overlaps at 83 % of the documented main faults in the mines., Jan Jelínek, František Staněk, Jan Thomas, Tomáš Daněk and Jiří Mališ., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence from greening and fiilly green barley leaves was analyzed using a phase-modulated fluorimeter. Inunediately following the irradiation of fiilly-etiolated leaves, a pool of (newly-synthesised) Chl/chlorophyllide was detected with a fluorescence lífetime similar to that of these pigments in solution. After some hours, the major fluorescence component was a short-lifetime species which we believe to represent photosystem 2. Selective inhibition of polypeptide synthesis in either the chloroplast or cytosol greatly reduced the extent of Chl assimilation and gave rise to novel fluorescence-lifetime profiles which are believed to arise flom complexes in various stages of assembly. Hence angiosperms háve evolved control systems to lim't the appearance of free Chl; this involves close co- ordination between pigment and polypeptide synthesis.