Seismic and rock burst hazards still currently appear to be important in most hard coal mines in Poland. Recently, there has been a significant increase in seismic activity in the Silesian rock mass, in comparison to previous years. In the period 2001-2010, hard coal mines experienced 33 rock bursts. The causes of rock burst occurrences are here presented, based on an analysis of the rock bursts that occurred in Polish hard coal mines. The scale of the rock burst hazard has been characterized with respect to the mining and geological conditions of the existing exploitation. The most essential of the factors influencing the status of rock burst hazard is considered to be the depth of the interval, ranging from 550 m to 1150 m. The basic factors that cause rock burst to occur are as follows: seismogenic strata, edges and remnants, goafs, faults, pillars and excessive panelling. The consequences of rock bursts are damaged and/or destroyed roadways. On this basis, the areas (ranges) of safe zones were selected as being those safe from rock burst hazard in roadways, according to the assessment conducted to establish different degrees of the risk., Renata Patyńska., and Obsahuje bibliografii
This contribution presents and interprets the results of the analysis of fauna relics from the Pustý hrad Castle in Zvolen in Central Slovakia. The analysed series comes from the Upper castle, from the half of the 13th to the 14th centuries. A total of 6082 bone fragments weighing about 28 kg were processed. In addition to standard quantification methods (MNI, NISP and weight), the age of the animals and the relative quality of the meat from the body parts represented were also analysed. At the same time, the analysis also considered individual buildings, their location and function, and thus the differences in the representation of species in individual units. Comparisons of results with analogous collections from the late medieval castles of the Hungarian and Czech Kingdoms were not left out either. and Cieľom je predstaviť a interpretovať výsledky analýzy faunálnych pozostatkov z vrcholnostredovekého hradu Pustý hrad vo Zvolene na strednom Slovensku. Analyzovaný súbor pochádza z výskumu Horného hradu Pustého hradu, od polovice 13. až do 14. storočia. Celkovo bolo spracovaných 6082 fragmentov kostí o hmotnosti ca 28 kg. Popri štandardných kvantifikačných metódach (MNI, NISP a hmotnosť) bol sledovaný aj vek zvierat a relatívna kvalita mäsa zo zastúpených častí tiel. Zároveň sa v analýze prihliadalo aj na samostatné objekty, ich polohu a funkciu, a tým aj rozdielnosť v zastúpení druhov u jednotlivých súborov. Opomenuté neboli ani porovnania výsledkov s analogickými súbormi z vrcholnostredovekých hradov Uhorského i Českého kráľovstva.
In order to assess whether intratesticular hormone content may be helpful for prediction of successful conception in men with fertility problems, five sex steroids, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, estradiol and, for the first time epitestosterone, were measured in testicular tissue obtained by surgical retrieval from total 84 men. The group consisted of non-obstructive azoospermic men, aged 21-67 years who attended the centre for in vitro fertilization. Steroids after ether extraction and solvent partition were separated by high performance liquid chromatography and then measured by specific radioimmunoassays. The values varied considerably with means ± S.D. 2.43±2.47, 0.27±0.24, 0.080±0.13, 0.071± 0.089 and 0.31±0.27 for testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, estradiol and epitestosterone, respectively., L. Zamrazilová ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Genetic analysis of the content of light-harvesting complexes of thylakoid membranes was accomplished for the first time during the study of intraspecific variation in photosynthetic characteristics. The existence of genetically determined differences between genotypes together with positive heterosis in F1 generation was demonstrated.
To test whether macrophages can play any role in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, we tested the in vitro response of rings from small pulmonary arteries to the activation of macrophages by FMLP, a substance stimulating predominantly membrane-bound NADPH oxidase. A small vessel myograph was used to measure the responses of rings from small pulmonary arteries (300-400 μ m) isolated from rat lungs. Rings from 5 rats were placed into both chambers of the myograph. The vessels were stabilized for 40 min and then normalized by automatic stretching to a wall tension equivalent to the intravascular pressure 30 mm Hg. At the start of each experiment, vessels were exposed to 80 mM K + to obtain maximal contractile response, which was used to normalize subsequent contractile responses. 2x10 6 viable macrophages, obtained by peritoneal lavage, were added into one chamber, then 5 μ M FMLP was administrated to both chambers and the tension measurement was started. The hydrogen peroxide concentration produced by stimulated macrophages was measured luminometrically. The concentrations of H 2 O 2 in specimens from chambers containing activated macrophages rose from 3.5±1.5 nM to 110±28 nM within 25 min of stimulation, while FMLP itself didn’t increase the H 2 O 2 concentration from the baseline value (4.5±3 nM) in samples from control chambers. After FMLP administration, the tension of the vessel rings in the presence of macrophages reached 0.23±0.07 of maximal contractile response, it did not change in controls. The additi on of ROS scavenger 4-hydroxy- TEMPO blocked the contractile response to the activation of macrophages. We conclude that the activation of macrophages stimulates the contraction of small pulmonary arteries and that this contraction is probably mediated by reactive oxygen species., M. Žaloudíková, J. Herget, M. Vízek., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
This study was designed to evaluate the extent of foot deformation in healthy subjects during standing on an immobile support and during slow tilts of the support platform by 1 deg. The angle in ankle joint was evaluated by two methods: as an angle of shin inclination relative to the platform and as an angle, calculated on the basis of recording of the projective length of the soleus muscle. It was shown that the real changes of the angle in ankle joint during standing on an immobile platform were up to 2 times smaller than the changes of angular position of the shin relative to vertical axis. However, considerable intersubject variability was observed in this respect. During slow tilts of the support platform a marked divergence was observed in the shape of recordings of two "ankle angles" in subjects with high foot compliance. The vertical displacements of the calcaneus recorded by means of a clamp rigidly fixed at the heel were 0.5±0.3 mm (the range 0.1 - 1 mm) for each degree of body deviation in the forward or backward direction. In 12 subjects, the average foot compliance was
0.04 ±0.03 deg/Mm (maximal value 0.1 deg/Mm). It can be assumed that the mechanical properties of the foot can appreciably influence the afferent outflow during maintenance of orthograde posture in man.
Infant rats received an i. p. injection of insulin, anti-insulin serum, streptozotocin, antiglucagon serum or dexamethazone. All substances except the antiinsulin serum, raised the plasma triglyceride level. Both antisera decreased plasma cholesterol levels, while streptozotocin, insulin and dexametazone caused an increase. The activity of 3-hydroxy-3-glutaryl CoA reductase in liver and brown adipose tissue changed inversely to the cholesterol level. However, small intestinal enzyme activity was increased by insulin administration inspite of the rise in plasma cholesterol.
This paper focuses on a new model called fuzzy exchange economy (FXE), which integrates fuzzy consumption, fuzzy initial endowment and the agent's fuzzy preference (vague attitude) in the fuzzy consumption set. Also, the existence of the fuzzy competitive equilibrium for the FXE is verified through a related pure exchange economy. We define a core-like concept (called weak fuzzy core) of the FXE and prove that any fuzzy competitive allocation belongs to the weak fuzzy core. The fuzzy replica economy, which is the r-fold repetition of the FXE, is considered. Finally, we show that the weak fuzzy core of the r-fold fuzzy replica economy, i. e., the set of all fuzzy allocations which cannot be blocked by any coalition of agents, converges to the set of fuzzy competitive allocations of the FXE as r becomes large.
This review compares the geometry of conduit coronary arteries in man and animals, namely the wall/diameter ratio (1:7.4 and 1:15 respectively). The left and right ventricle volume determines the geometry (segment length and diameter) of both branches of the left coronary artery: ramus interventricularis anterior and ramus circumflexus; the range of deformation of the latter was substantially smaller. The heterogeneity of deformation was also found along the ramus interventricularis anterior, the deformation decreasing towards the apex. The above relations have consequences (i) on the haemodynamics (passive changes in conduit segment resistance), (ii) the deformation of coronary arteries triggers metabolic processes in the coronary wall. Four hours' lasting cardiac volume or pressure overload brought about an increase in the RNA content not only in the myocardium, but also in the coronary artery. The process is reversible. Moreover, the range of the RNA increase is in full concert with the heterogeneous deformability of the respective segment of the coronary tree.
In 1965 the PD-1 mapping borehole was drilled in the classical location in Březno u Loun in the Ohře facies region. It was examined by many authors with various results. In 2006 the re vision of these results was pe rformed in archival samples. Carbonate content and insoluble residue minerals were determined. The gathered data were compared with similarly examined boreholes in the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin. The correlation showed that in the western and eastern Poohří region the profiles with different stratigraphy level were compared. After the elimination of this discrepancy the actual stratigraphy of the Poohří region can be easily compared with the other regions of the basin. The Č. Zahálka's statement of the equivalency of the sediment filling of the Ohře facies region and the Jizera formation in the Kokořín region is correct. This fact was validated by the Pd-1 borehole profile, where, due to a tectonic coupling, yet unknown, missing part of the youngest sediments of the Teplice and Březno formations (the real zone Xd) was conserved., Zdeněk Štaffen., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy