The principal questions of this case study concern the birth of a new political regime, the first years of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise: which legal, political and moral norms regulated the enrichment of politicians and where contemporary discourse posited the limits of corruption. The article answers these questions through the analysis of the cases of some Hungarian politicians. The author explores the varied sources available about the incriminating affairs: archival materials, personal documents,
and newspapers, together with a number of literary representations of the problem. The historical data serve to demonstrate that corruption is an elastic notion. Studying the discourse of corruption highlights that neither the seriousness of the deed nor the truth of the accusations was important, in fact political situation alone determined if the politicians would be blackened or not. The Compromise Era offers a number of examples of the establishment of this new form of political infighting and its first successful application. and Článek zahrnuje poznámkový aparát pod čarou
We apply a traditional method of surface wave tomography as a new approach to investigate the uppermost crust velocities in the Western Bohemia region (Czech Republic). It enables us to look for velocity distribution in a small scale of tens of kilometers. We measure Rayleigh wave group velocity dispersion curves in a period range 0.25 - 2.0 s along paths crossing the region of interest. We use modified multiple-filtering method for frequency-time analysis. We compute 2-D tomography maps of group velocity distribution in the region for eight selected periods using the standard methods and programs described in literature. We discuss the velocity distribution with respect to results of former study by Nehybka and Skácelová (1997). We present a set of local dispersion curves which may be further inverted to obtain a 3-D shear wave velocity image of the area., Petr Kolínský and Johana Brokešová., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
In this paper, I suggest a way of resolving the whole-part dilemma suggested in the Parmenides. Specifically, I argue that grabbing the second horn of the dilemma does not pose a significant challenge. To argue for this, I consider two theses about Forms, namely, the oneness and indivisibility theses. More specifically, I argue that the second horn does not violate the oneness thesis if we treat composition as identity and that the indivisibility thesis ought to be reinterpreted given Plato’s later dialogues. By doing so, I suggest a compositional understanding of Plato’s theory of Forms, which can resolve the whole-part dilemma.
Sarcocysts were found in muscle tissue of a wisent (Bison bonasus) which was born and kept in Germany. Light microscopic and ТЕМ examination revealed all the Ihrcc named species known from cattle: Sarcocystis cruzi („thin-walled“, with longer hairlike villar protrusions of the primary cyst wall); S. hirsuta („thick-walled“, with tongue-like protrusions of the cyst wall arising with very short and narrow stalklets from the surface of the cyst and containing rows of electron-dense granules in the core); and S. hominis („thick-walled“, with fmger-like protrusions of the cyst wall not constricted at their base and containing few or no electron-dense granules). So far, only S. cruzi was known to occur in Bison bison in North America. The findings in the wisent strikingly support a modified conception of the intermediate host specificity in Bovinae. In this connection the identity of S. cruzi and S. poephagicanis is suggested as well as that of S. hirsuta and S. poepliagi.
The article attempts to reconstruct the patterns of perception documented in Bulgarian cultural texts which conseptualised the Bulgarian land as borderlands of civilisation. The author presents the historical and cultural conditions for the deliberate purification of the image of Balgarian culture as resistant to Ottoman influences which took place in 19th and 20th century. Futhremore, the article demonstrates the ways in which Bulgarian artists and thinkers conseptualised the observations and intuitions inconsistent with this understanding of the national idea.
Needle yellowing is a typical symptom of declíning spruce trees [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] which grow at altitudes over 700 m a.s.l. In tiie chloroplasts of yellowing needles the thylakoidal systém was reduced. The contents of chlorophyll (Chl) a, b, carotene (a + |3) and neoxanthin in the needles decreased simultaneously, while lutein and the pigments of the xanthophyll cycle were less affected. Activities of the xanthophyli cycle were inhibited only in the advanced stages of yellowing. Yellowing processes with comparable symptoms could be induced in artificial atmospheres, simulating realistic conditions of pollution. Possible mechanisms accounting for the yellowing process were examined. Fast yellowing events occurred not only under full sunlight, but also imder red radiation (X > 600 ran). Therefore, the excited Chl probably sensitized pigment destruction. As the light-harvesting C\ň-a/b- protein complex of Photosystem 2 lost its photo- and acid-stability before yellowing occiured, chloroplasts were changed from a photostable to a photolabile state.
Molecular modeling of the H4-H5-loop of the α2 isoform of Na+/K+-ATPase in the E1 and E2 conformations revealed that twisting of the nucleotide (N) domain toward the phosphorylation (P) domain is connected with the formation of a short π-helix between Asp369 and Thr375. This conformational change close to the hinge region between the N-domain and the P-domain could be an important event leading to a bending of the N-domain by 64.7° and to a shortening of the distance between the ATP binding site and the phosphorylation site (Asp369) by 1.22 nm from 3.22 nm to 2.00 nm. It is hypothesized that this shortening mechanism is involved in the Na+-dependent formation of the Asp369 phospho-intermediate as part of the overall Na+/K+-ATPase activity., G. Tejral ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury