The article is a historical-systematic study dedicated to Kant’s critical philosophy. It contains therefore both a historical and a systematic level: for every selected historical example, an example of Kant’s critical philosophy, it follows and investigates a selected systematic problem of the relationship between philosophy and rhetoric. The relationship between philosophy and rhetoric is therefore not examined here directly and immediately, but indirectly – through an examination and interpretation of selected works of Kant. In this context, the author refers to the results of international Kantian research, which has also recently focused more and more on an examination and interpretation of the relationship between Kant’s critical philosophy and rhetoric, and based on his own examination and interpretation of the corresponding texts and passages, comes to the conclusion that the relationship of Kant’s critical philosophy to rhetoric is more nuanced than is generally assumed. and Článek je historicko-systematickou studií věnovanou Kantově kritické filosofii. Má proto jak historickou, tak systematickou rovinu: na vybraném historickém příkladu, příkladu Kantovy kritické filosofie, sleduje a zkoumá zvolený systematický problém vztahu mezi filosofií a rétorikou. Vztah mezi filosofií a rétorikou zde proto není zkoumán přímo a bezprostředně, ale nepřímo – prostřednictvím zkoumání a interpretace vybraných Kantových spisů. Autor v této souvislosti navazuje na výsledky mezinárodního kantovského bádání, které se v poslední době stále více zaměřuje také na zkoumání a interpretaci vztahu Kantovy kritické filosofie k rétorice, a na základě vlastního zkoumání a interpretace odpovídajících textů a textových pasáží dospívá k závěru, že vztah Kantovy kritické filosofie k rétorice je nuancovanější, než se obvykle předpokládá.
Following study follows transformation of the philosophical concept of art in the late thought of Friedrich Nietzsche and in the work of Martin Heidegger. The connection between the two authors is established through Heidegger’s lectures on Nietzsche, dating from the second half of the 1930s. The main focus of the study is to interpret the main features of Nietzsche’s concept of art from his notes to the unfinished work Der Wille zur Macht (Will to Power), and to thematize its relation to Heidegger’s thinking of art. The intention of the article was to show in what sense both Nietzsche and Heidegger depart from the aestheticizing approach to art, returning to its preconditions and revealing a deeper problem of the question of art itself. and Studie sleduje proměnu filosofického pojetí umění v pozdním myšlení Friedricha Nietzscheho a v díle Martina Heideggera. Svorník mezi oběma autory je veden skrze Heideggerovy přednášky o Nietzschem z druhé poloviny 30. let. Hlavním záměrem studie je interpretovat hlavní rysy Nietzschova pojetí umění z poznámek k nenapsanému dílu Der Wille zur Macht a tematizovat jeho příbuznost s Heideggerovým myšlením umění. Motivací článku je ukázat, v jakém smyslu Nietzsche i Heidegger odstupují od estetizujícího přístupu k umění, vracejí se k jeho předpokladům a odkrývají původnější problém otázky po umění.
The article describes two independent observations of swimming in the European Mole (Talpa europaea) and provides a review of previously published records. Moles are primary terrestrial mammals but different phylogenetic lineages show different attitudes to water/moist habitats. and Jan Robovský a kol.
The fact that recent demographic data have been pointing to gradual but consistent dying out of Europe has become the key point of strong philosophical, political and other clashes in the last years. Most discussions focus especially on the issues related to the causes of this situation, thus rather omitting the real consequences on everyday lives of Europeans in the upcoming decades. Namely the economic and sociological impacts. The structure of population change in terms of nationality is the second important process in today’s Europe: The majority population comprising original nationalities on whose basis the state composition of Europe had been formed is gradually losing its dominance. Conversely, immigrants (particularly Muslims) and their children are gaining more and more influence on the structure of society. Various kinds of economic pressure are related to these processes, which in the future will inevitably grow into the shape of events completely changing the society and its economic system. I assume that in order to maintain its economic power, traditional European population will go through a process, during which some usual democratic principles and traditions will be put aside, for example the attitude towards the right to vote will change. That is because despite many complications, traditional European society will behave quite economically by keeping its political power as a guarantee of its economic power, and particularly as a guarantee that the standards of living and thus the possibility of satisfying one’s needs - manifesting itself through life style, among other things - will be preserved., Luboš Smrčka., and Obsahuje seznam literatury