Předmětem článku jsou morfologické, taxonomické a ekologické poznámky ke všem sedmi evropských druhům václavek (Armillaria). Určování těchto hub je dosti obtížné, zejména ve skupině A. cepistipes – A. gallica, zatímco druhy A. socialis, A. ectypa, A. ostoyae, A. mellea a do značné míry i A. borealis jsou makroskopicky od sebe odlišitelné. and Morphological, taxonomic and ecological notes are made here on all seven European species of the genus Armillaria. However, their identification is rather difficult, especially in the A. cepistipes – A.gallica group, whereas A. socialis, A. ectypa, A. ostoyae, A. mellea, and partly also A. borealis, are easily distinguishable.
Characterisation of proteases degrading ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPCO, EC: 4.1.1.39) was studied in the cowpea leaf during monocarpic senescence 3 and 9 d after flowering (DAF), representing early and mid pod fill. The stage at 3 DAF coincided with decrease in the metabolic parameters characterising senescence, i.e., contents of total soluble proteins, RuBPCO, and leaf nitrogen. At 9 DAF, there was a decline in total soluble proteins and an appearance of a 48 kDa cysteine protease. Characterisation of the proteases was done using specific inhibitors. Subcellular localisation at 3 DAF was studied by following the degradation of RuBPCO large subunit (LSU) in the vacuole lysates using immunoblot analyses. Cysteine proteases played a predominant role in the degradation of RuBPCO LSU at the crude extract level. At 9 DAF, expression of cysteine protease isoforms was monitored using polyclonal antibodies against papain and two polypeptides of molecular masses 48 and 35 kDa were observed in the vacuole lysates. We confirmed thus the predominance of cysteine proteases in the vacuoles during different stages of pod development in cowpea leaf. and B. Srivalli, Sudhakar Bharti, Renu Khanna-Chopra.