Objectives. Due to the rise of depressive symptomatology especially among vulnerable populations such as young adults during the COVID-19 outbreak, a reliable measuring tool is needed. Because of the lack of such studies, the authors decided to validate the 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D 8) among Czech university students capturing the beginning of lockdown experience. Statistical analyses. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted and structural equation modelling with diagonally weighted least squares estimation using lavaan was employed. Different hypotheses about the dimensionality of the CES-D 8 scale were tested. The authors assessed the measurement equivalence of the CES-D 8 scale according to gender using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis. The effect of socio-demographic and COVID-19 issues variables on depression was examined. Results. One dimensional model with correlated errors showed sufficient validity and therefore, the best fit. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis results revealed that the factor structure is invariant across gender. Women and those who reported financial distress and academic stress showed a higher level of depressive symptomatology. On the other hand, relationships proved to have a protective effect. Limitations. The sample came from an online survey, respondents were self-selected. There was a gender imbalance in the sample that cannot be explained by a higher number of women in the Czech university environment. Conclusions. The CES-D 8 proved to be a useful instrument for measuring depressed mood that opens further possibilities for depression research in the university environment and during pandemic situations. and Cíle. Vzhledem k nárůstu depresivní sympto-matologie během pandemie covid-19 zejména u zranitelných skupin, jako jsou mladí dospělí, narostla potřebnost spolehlivého nástroje na mě-ření depresivity. Z důvodu chybějící validizace se autoři rozhodli ověřit osmipoložkovou škálu Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D 8) u českých vysokoškolských studentů v době samého počátku pandemie.Statistické analýzy. Byla provedena konfir-mační faktorová analýza za použití struktur-ního modelování metodou DWLS (diagonally weighted least squares) pomocí balíku laavan. Byly testovány různé hypotézy o dimenziona-litě škály CES-D 8. Pomocí MCFA (multigroup confirmatory factor analysis) autoři posuzovali ekvivalenci měření škály CES-D 8 podle po-hlaví. Byl zkoumán vliv sociodemografických proměnných a proměnných týkajících se pro-blematiky covid-19 na depresivní symptoma-tologii.Výsledky. Jednodimenzionální model s korelo-vanými reziduálními rozptyly u dvou položek prokázal dostatečnou validitu a nejlépe odpoví-dal datům. Výsledky MCFA ukázaly, že faktoro-vá struktura zvoleného modelu byla invariantní vzhledem k pohlaví. Ženy a osoby, které byly ve finanční nouzi nebo prožívaly zvýšený stres ze studia, vykazovaly vyšší úroveň depresivní symptomatologie. Naopak partnerský vztah se ukázal mít protektivní efekt.Limity práce. Vzorek pochází z online průzku-mu, respondenti byli vybráni samovýběrem. Nadreprezentaci žen-studentek v datech nelze zdůvodnit vyšším podílem žen na českých uni-verzitách.Závěr. CES-D 8 se ukázal být užitečným nástro-jem pro měření depresivity, jenž otevírá další možnosti pro výzkum deprese v univerzitním prostředí a během pandemických situací.
Objectives. Research on populism has pro-gressed over the last decade and several scales have been proposed to measure populist at-titudes. None of these has been validated in the context of Slovakia, where populists are a long-term part of both coalition and opposition. This study aimed to verify the psychometric properties of four populist attitudes scales that are frequently used and verified in international research, on a Slovak sample. Participants and setting. Data of 832 respond-ents collected using an online panel in Novem-ber 2021 were analyzed using the R software. The research sample was representative accord-ing to the distribution of gender, age, education, and regions in Slovakia. Statistical analysis. The original scales were tested using an exploratory dataset (N = 416). The modified scales were verified using a con-firmatory dataset (N = 416). Results.The results showed that the original scales did not fit the data. However, after several modifications, the two scales were validated on the Slovak sample. The scales were invariant across the gender, age, and educational groups. Limits. A possible shortcoming of the validated populist attitudes scales is the instability in pre-dicting electoral behavior, which is discussed in connection with the results of other studies, and the Slovak political and cultural context. and Ciele. Výskum populizmu posledné desaťročie napreduje, čoho znakom je navrhnutie niekoľ-kých škál na meranie populistických postojov. Žiadna z nich nebola overená v podmienkach Slovenska, kde sú populisti dlhodobo súčasťou koalície aj opozície. Cieľom tejto štúdie bolo overiť psychometrické vlastnosti štyroch škál populistických postojov, ktoré sa často používa-jú a overujú v medzinárodných výskumoch, na slovenskej vzorke. Participanti a postup výskumu. Dáta 832 res-pondentov, získané pomocou online panelu v novembri 2021, boli analyzované pomocou softvéru R. Výskumná vzorka bola reprezen-tatívna z hľadiska distribúcie pohlavia, veku, úrovne vzdelania a príslušnosti k regiónom Slo-venska. Štatistická analýza. Pôvodné škály boli testova-né pomocou exploračného súboru dát (N = 416). Modifikované škály boli overené pomocou kon-firmačného súboru dát (N = 416). Výsledky. Výsledky ukázali, že pôvodné škály nezodpovedajú dátam. Po niekoľkých úpravách však boli dve škály validované na slovenskej vzorke. Škály boli invariantné pre pohlavie, vek a dosiahnuté vzdelanie. Limity. Možným nedostatkom validovaných škál populistických postojov je nestabilita pri predikcii volebného správania, ktorá je disku-tovaná v kontexte výsledkov iných štúdií a tiež v politickom a kultúrnom kontexte Slovenska.
The paper describes results of validation of authors' recently proposed formulae for sediment transport and bed friction in the upper plane bed regime using laboratory experiments in a pressurized pipe. Flows of mixture of water and fine to medium ballotini (d50 = 0.18 mm) were observed in a rectangular pipe (51 x 51 mm) with a deposit at the bottom of the pipe. A comparison of test results with transport-formula predictions shows a satisfactory match confirming a good prediction ability of the proposed transport formula at high bed shear. A prediction ability of the friction formulae appears to be less convincing but still reasonable. A joint use of the formulae for transport and friction predicts the delivered concentration of transported sediment within the accuracy range of ± 40 per cent for flows in which transported sediments strongly affect the bed friction, i.e. for flows with delivered concentration of sediment higher than say 3 per cent.
VALLEX 3.0 provides information on the valency structure (combinatorial potential) of verbs in their particular senses, which are characterized by glosses and examples. VALLEX 3.0 describes almost 4 600 Czech verbs in more than 10 800 lexical units, i.e., given verbs in the given senses.
VALLEX 3.0 is a is a collection of linguistically annotated data and documentation, resulting from an attempt at formal description of valency frames of Czech verbs. In order to satisfy different needs of different potential users, the lexicon is distributed (i) in a HTML version (the data allows for an easy and fast navigation through the lexicon) and (ii) in a machine-tractable form as a single XML file, so that the VALLEX data can be used in NLP applications.
VALLEX 4.0 provides information on the valency structure (combinatorial potential) of verbs in their particular senses; each sense is by a gloss and examples. VALLEX 4.0 describes almost 4 700 Czech verbs in more than 11 000 lexical units, i.e., given verbs in the given senses. VALLEX 4.0 is a is a collection of linguistically annotated data and documentation, resulting from an attempt at formal description of valency frames of Czech verbs. In order to satisfy different needs of different potential users, the lexicon is distributed (i) in a HTML version (the data allows for an easy and fast navigation through the lexicon) and (ii) in a machine-tractable form, so that the VALLEX data can be used in NLP applications. VALLEX 4.0 provides (in addition to information from previous versions) also characteristics of verbs expressing reciprocity and reflexivity.
The data is provided in two formats: XML and JSON.
VALLEX 4.5 provides information on the valency structure (combinatorial potential) of Czech verbs in their particular senses (almost 4 700 verbs in more than 11 080 lexical units, supplemented with more than 290 nouns in more than 350 lexical units forming complex predicates with light verbs). VALLEX 4.5 is an enhanced successor of VALLEX 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0. In addition to the information stored there, VALLEX 4.5 provides a detailed description of reflexive verbs, i.e., verbs with the reflexive "se" or "si" as an obligatory part of their verb lexemes. VALLEX 4.5 covers 1 525 reflexive verbs in 1 545 lexical units (2 501 when aspectual counterparts counted separately). In order to satisfy different needs of different potential users, the lexicon is distributed (i) online in a HTML version (the data allows for an easy and fast navigation through the lexicon) and (ii) in this distribution in a machine-tractable form, so that the VALLEX data can be used in NLP applications.