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142. Postoje českých lékařů k medicíně a ke změnám v praxi reprodukční medicíny
- Creator:
- Lenka Slepičková and Iva Šmídová
- Format:
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- sociologie lékařství, lékaři, reprodukční medicína, medical sociology, physicians, reproductive medicine, Česko, Czechia, changes and problems of Czech medicine, attitudes to new technologies, profession of medical doctors, 18, and 316
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Recent trends in health care provision, targeted by social science researchers employing concepts such as deprofessionalization, routinisation, proletarisation or commercialisation, also provide insight into the current situation in the Czech healthcare system. This article contributes to debates in, and about, Czech medicine. This paper presents results from a survey of physicians conducted in late 2012. Within this survey, medical doctors expressed their opinions about the general situation in Czech medicine. Czech doctors were also asked about their opinions about the introduction of potential changes in reproductive medicine practice relating to childbirth outside hospitals, accessibility to assisted reproduction for single women, performing caesarean sections upon request. Doctors’ attitudes towards medical manipulation of DNA and embryos were also examined. The survey results presented in this study suggest that there are deep gaps in the attitudes of Czech doctors depending on their working environment. The empirical results do not support an image of homogeneity in doctors’ medical opinions. Czech physicians’ attitudes are shown to correlate with some socio-demographic characteristics such as sex category, age or religion. The attitudes of some doctors toward assisted reproduction techniques or changes in obstetric practices are supportive of demands for change made by some patients. Physician support for change of the practices under question is more evident in medical specialisations such as gynaecology and obstetrics than in other areas of Czech medicine. Answers to open-ended questions that examined perception of the most serious problems in modern medicine were dominated by specific issues arising from experience with patients and broader concerns regarding the Czech healthcare system., Lenka Slepičková a Iva Šmídová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
143. Potíže s hmotou: Judith Butler a/nebo nový materialismus?
- Creator:
- Porkertová, Hana
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- sociologie, sociology, poststructuralism, matter, new materialism, Judith Butler, gender, 18, and 316
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The article presents the contemporary feminist stream of new materialism, and compares and contracts it with the linguistic branch of poststructuralism which has been criticized by new materialism for neglecting matter. The paper first discusses points of departure these two streams share, specifically, a critique of Western metaphysics, and in particular the fundamental interrogation of dualities and the idea of a stable inner essence in Western thought. Consequently, the article shortly introduces the starting points of new materialism and presents Judith Butler’s ideas on matter which are pivotal for the comparison that follows. The comparison of the two streams concentrates on the following issues: ontology, power, the abject, difference, subject and embodiment. The article stresses strong and weak points of both the streams and presents them as complementary rather than contradictory approaches., Hana Porkertová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
144. Poválečný sociologický výzkum města Brna z roku 1947 a metodika jeho soudobého zpracování z pohledu historicko-sociologické analýzy průmyslového dělnictva před rokem 1948
- Creator:
- Dušan Janák, Martin Stanoev, and Petr Hušek
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- 1947, sociologický výzkum, analýza dat, sociologie, metodologie, dělníci, sociological research, data analysis, sociology, methodology, working class, Brno (Česko), Brno (Czechia), Brno social study, industry workers, secondary data analysis, the year 1947, Czech sociology, 18, and 316
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The present paper deals with the Brno Social Study, a rather extraordinary questionnaire survey given its extent and time (1947). Data analysis was forestalled by the political transformation after 1948, but the questionnaires were preserved. We have inherited a unique set of data for a historical-sociological analysis focusing both on the population of industry workers and on the social structure of Czech society in the advent of the communist coup. The Brno Social Study is contextualized in the state of post-war sociology, and the avenues toward its inception and implementation are mapped. The central part of the paper analyses the survey data from a contemporary analytical perspective, discussing the dataset’s representativeness. The primary objective of the paper is to propose, and initiate scholarly debate about, a feasible methodology for analysing the archived data today. The methodology serves to construct a representative sample through a combination of purposive, quota and random sampling; to determine the respondents’ socio-economic status using both ISCO and an original conceptualization of working class status; and to present certain data on respondents’ lifestyles that might be of interest for future analyses., Dušan Janák, Martin Stanoev a Petr Hušek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
145. Práce a rodina na ostří nože: Křížková, A., Maříková, H., Hašková, H., Formánková, L. Pracovní dráhy žen v České republice
- Creator:
- Irena Smetáčková
- Format:
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- ženy, trh práce, rodina, 18, and 316
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- [autor recenze] Irena Smetáčková.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
146. Pracovní versus soukromý život
- Creator:
- Alena Křížková
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Sociologie, gender, 18, and 316
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Alena Křížková.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
147. Právní aspekty zaměstnávání cizinek na pozicích domácích pracovnic v České republice
- Creator:
- Eva Čech Valentová
- Format:
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- zaměstnávání cizinců, domácí práce, právní aspekty, 18, and 316
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Eva Valentová.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
148. Pražští Rusové
- Creator:
- Janíčko, Michal
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Sociologie, sociologie, sociology, migration, Russians, ethnic minority, integration, 18, and 316
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The article deals with situation, attitudes and behaviour of members of Prague's Russian immigrant community. At the beginning an overview of recent socio-economic development in Russia, existing findings about Russian minority in the Czech Republic and Czech citizens’ attitudes towards Russians are presented. The core of the article is presentation of main results of a survey conducted by the author in spring 2010 among members of Russian community that live in Prague and its surroundings. Among the main hypotheses that came out of the survey is growth of importance of positive motivations to migrate, extension of geographical and social basis from which migrants come, continuity of self-isolation of the community combined with strong ties to the country of origin and rise of Russian ethnic economy in Prague., Michal Janíčko., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
149. Předpoklady sociologické metateorie a filosofie vědy
- Creator:
- Miloslav Petrusek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- filozofie vědy, sociologické teorie, philosophy of science, sociological theories, 18, and 316
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- As a challenge to those who do not give much credit to reflecting on sociology as a science, this essay stresses the import of metatheoretical considerations. After all, what is known as postmodern discourse is scarcely a little more than metatheorizing and the phenomenon of the so-called “crisis of sociology” cannot be comprehended without some metatheoretical premises. Knowledge about knowledge should therefore form a special field of inquiry and enjoy its relative autonomy. In this article, the place for metasociology is delimitated by the account of the development of the general science of science. While the prefix “meta-” originally came from linguistics as a way to differentiate a proposition about an object of science from a proposition about science itself, the history of metatheorizing can be traced back to ancient philosophy. Hence, the most important sources of inspiration for this intellectual activity are epistemology and the philosophy of science. A crucial moment in thein development was the so-called “crisis in physics” that carried over to social sciences and spawned many contemporary trends such as the multicultural approach to sociology and the radical stance of methodological anarchism. The major philosophical orientations that have most directly addressed the questions about the scientific knowledge have been neopositivism and analytical philosophy on one hand, and phenomenology on the other one. No claims about metasociology can be made without being acquainted with at least the elementary positions in this exchange of ideas that took place in the philosophy of science. Metasociology, itself divided into metatheory and metamethodology (or general methodology), makes up an integral part of the science of science., Miloslav Petrusek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
150. Představy o mužském/chlapeckém vzhledu ve školních třídách
- Creator:
- Smetáčková, Irena, Čechová, Helena, Klasová, Karolína, and Slavíčková, Barbora
- Format:
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- 18 and 316
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The article is focuses on the adolescent concept of male/boy appearance and its impact on the social position of boys in a classroom structure. Boys can reach a better social position if their appearance corresponds to group norms. Based on three qualitative studies it is proven that group norms consist of a set of requirements toward male appearance which differ from requirements toward female appearance both in content and strength. The results of partial surveys are discussed in the context of present international theoretical approaches and empirical evidences about the ideal of beauty in a gender perspective., Irena Smetáčková ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public