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184. Síťový marketing: nadějná pracovní příležitost pro ženy?

Creator:
Lištiaková, Irena and Jarkovská, Lucie
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
sociologie, gender, nonstandard employment, multi-level marketing, neoliberalism, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
The authors analyse the discourse of Green Ways (GW), a company using multi-level marketing where women comprise the majority of distributors. The article shows that however multi-level marketing is advertised as a highly flexible form of employment suitable for those who want to combine family life with work, it is rather a way of marketing than an employment opportunity. A significant role in this business is played by women on parental leave who earn self-esteem based in the neoliberal values of self-reliance and entrepreneurial success, rather than FINANCIAL income. The analysis links their ways of describing the character and benefits of selling GW products with the ideology presented in GW manuals for distributors. Using Bourdieu’s theory, the authors point out how GW constructs the symbolic oppositional binary in line with the neoliberal notion of an efficient individual., Irena Lištiaková, Lucie Jarkovská., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

185. Skládání duhové mozaiky: česká sexuologie a "gay" a "lesbická" orální historie v komunistickém Československu

Creator:
Sokolová, Věra
Format:
print
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
homosexualita, gayové, lesbické ženy, orální historie, sexuologie, komunismus, homosexuality, gay men, lesbians, oral history, sexology, communism, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
The paper analyzes the ways in which the state approach to homosexuality in Communist Czechoslovakia intersected with actually lived lives and experiences of ordinary non -heterosexual people who identified (mainly retroactively) as gays, lesbians or transsexuals. In the Czech context, this is the first research of its kind and combines oral history with a gender analysis of sexological literature from the communist period, to put together a complex mosaic of sexuality in recent past. This confrontation of methods exposes the processes by which gender and sexuality in this era worked as tools of regulation and control, and shows how non -heterosexual people responded to this pressure. The paper offers a multilayer reading and analysis of normality/deviance, public/private and submission/resistance in communist Czechoslovakia., Věra Sokolová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

186. Slepá ulička instituce nájemní domácí péče

Creator:
Uhde, Zuzana
Format:
print
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
emancipace, nájemní domácí péče, care, hired domestic work, distorted emancipation, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
The article focuses on analyzing the institution of hired domestic care in the context of global connections of social relations and changing social forms of care. In the first part, the author introduces the social context in which the market model of care and transnational care practices partake in forming the process of distorted emancipation. In the second part, she focuses on feminist contentions about the meaning and possibilities of transformation of the institution of hired domestic care. In the third part, a systematic analysis of this institution is presented, examining forms of relationships between the domestic worker and the employer with a reference to institutional conditions and employers’ attitudes. With respect to the dimensions of personal/impersonal relationships and the degree of formalization of the relationship between the domestic worker and the employer, the author differentiates four major forms of relationships: paternalistic/maternalistic relationship, instrumental relationship, the relationship of contractual professionalization, and the relationship of personalism. These forms of relationships are connected with four possible attitudes towards domestic workers: subordination, fictive reification, valuation of achievement, and respect. On the basis of her analysis the author identifies drawbacks of the professionalization of hired domestic work and care as a solution to gender and social injustice emerging from this institution. At the end, the author outlines a public model of care as a starting point for a future exploration., Zuzana Uhde., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

188. Sociologie po sociologii

Creator:
Alain Touraine and Kupková, Jana
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
sociologie, sociology, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
The unity of the sociology now termed classical was not that of a theory or discourse about social organization, social actors or the ways in which social wholes change; it was the study of society defined as a set of interdependent mechanisms ensuring the integration or combination of mutually opposed elements: the individualism of the actors and the internalization of institutional norms in the service of collective integration. The primary historical reason for the decline of this classical sociology is that its most stable foundation, the opposition between haves and have-nots along with that between men and women, was slowly undermined by a series of great social movements based at once on a quest for liberation and on the idea of equality It was the crisis in the earlier representations of social life which provoked, beyond the decline of the earlier sociology, the creation of a new intellectual space in which a constellation of forms of thought arose which constitute today what may be called contemporary sociology, and which is a sociology of ultramodernity. It is no longer in terms of objective situations or evaluations, economic or otherwise, that the social actor is explained. It is the cultural actor, his image of himself and his demands that govern a rapidly increasing part of social life. Throughout the world and in all sectors of social life, actors are making a comeback. Reversal of the conception and role of institutions leads us to see them as instruments for the defence of individuals against norms. Today’s sociology is better explained by its future than by its past. The new sociology is already constituted as a set of questions and sensibilities, more widespread across the planet than any other previous form of social thought. But this de facto existence of the new sociology is not - not yet - accompanied by sufficient self-reflection., Alain Touraine, z angličtiny přeložila Jana Kupková., Tento text byl poprvé uveřejněn v European Journal of Social Theory 2007: 10 (2), str. 184-193, and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

190. Spokojenost s bydlením v České republice: výsledky šetření 2001 a 2013

Creator:
Kážmér, Ladislav and Irena Boumová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Sociologie, 21. století, výzkum veřejného mínění, bydlení, public opinion polls, housing, Česko, Czechia, housing satisfaction, housing attitudes, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
Článek se zaměřuje na zhodnocení spokojenosti s bydlením a její vývoj v České republice v období po roce 2000. Cílem je identifikovat faktory ovlivňující rozdílnou úroveň spokojenosti s bydlením u jednotlivých skupin obyvatelstva, a přispět tak k lepšímu pochopení procesů na pozadí tohoto jevu. V komparativní perspektivě průřezových let 2001 a 2013 se autoři se věnují prezentaci hlavních zjištění vyplývajících ze dvou na sebe navazujících vln kvantitativního sociologického šetření. Článek čerpá z dat celonárodního sociologického šetření postojů k problematice bydlení, realizovaného v ČR ve dvou vlnách - Housing Attitudes 2001 a Housing Attitudes 2013. Analýza byla provedena ve dvou krocích. V prvním kroku byly pomocí pairwise correlation analysis identifikovány proměnné, které se významně váží k otázce o celkové spokojenosti respondentů s jejich stávajícím bydlením. Ve druhém kroku byla významnost těchto proměnných testována prostřednictvím multiple linear regression. Cílem bylo najít faktory, které nezávisle predikují respondentovu úroveň celkové spokojenosti s bydlením, a to i po očištění vlivu ostatních proměnných zařazených do regresního modelu., The article evaluates housing satisfaction and its development in the Czech Republic after 2000. Its goal is to help better understand the processes behind this phenomenon by identifying factors that influence how the level of housing satisfaction varies between population groups. In a comparative perspective on cross-sectional data from 2001 and 2013, the authors present the main findings of two waves of a quantitative sociological survey. The article draws on two comparable datasets stemming from a nationwide sociological survey of attitudes to housing issues implemented in the Czech Republic as „Housing Attitudes 2001“ and „Housing Attitudes 2013“. The analysis was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, pairwise correlation analysis was used to identify variables that are significantly associated with a measure of overall satisfaction with one’s current housing situation. In the second stage, multiple linear regression was used to test the significance of these variables. The goal was to find factors that independently predict the respondent’s overall housing satisfaction when controlling for other variables included in the regression model. Overall housing satisfaction among Czech citizens increased over the 2001-2013 time period. What remains is that the highest levels of satisfaction are exhibited by people in owner-occupied houses and the lowest by those living in rented flats (whether privately or from local authorities) in large-scale projects. In addition to tenure and type of dwelling, the key factors of overall satisfaction include perceived size of dwelling compared to number of cohabitants. Other factors include socioeconomic characteristics reflecting respondent´s status in the social structure - primarily household income and secondarily respondent´s economic status (unemployment). The category of people living in flats was examined separately. Whereas people living in large-panel system (LPS) buildings were less satisfied with their housing situation than those living in brick houses in 2001, the difference was no longer discernible in 2013. The increased attractiveness of LPS housing may be a result of remodelling and reconstruction over the time period of interest. There are also spatial differences in overall housing satisfaction. People from major cities are less satisfied with their housing situation than those living in smaller settlements. This variation is primarily caused by differences in the composition of the dwelling stock and overall characteristics of housing. A specific situation exists in the smallest municipalities with a population under 1000 where the lower levels of housing satisfaction are probably associated with lower access to and variety of local amenities. Finally, albeit overall housing satisfaction among Czechs grew on average over the time period studied, the social inequalities in overall housing satisfaction did not diminish. Especially people of lower social status and belonging to the „lower housing class“ are less satisfied than the rest of the population., Ladislav Kážmér, Irena Boumová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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