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522. Variation in leaf photosynthetic characteristics in wild rice species

Creator:
Kiran, T. V., Rao, Y. V., Subrahmanyam, D., Rani, N. S., Bhadana, V. P., Rao, P. R., and Voleti, S. R.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fotosyntéza, photosynthesis, gas exchange, rice, specific leaf area, specific leaf mass, stomatal conductance, wild rice, 2, and 581
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Variations in leaf gas-exchange characteristics, leaf pigment content, and other important leaf traits were investigated in seven wild Oryza species, five hybrids, and five improved varieties. The significant variations were observed in photosynthetic pigment contents amongst different species of Oryza. The mean chlorophyll (Chl) content was higher in O. sativa (varieties and hybrids), while O. eichengeri showed the lowest Chl content. The mean carotenoid (Car) content in O. sativa (varieties and hybrids) was higher than in other wild rice species. O. eichengeri and O. barthii had significantly lower Car contents than other rice species. Significant differences were noticed in the rate of photosynthesis (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), internal CO2 concentration (Ci), specific leaf mass (SLM), and leaf thickness amongst different Oryza species. The mean PN was the highest in O. nivara followed by O. eichengeri. The mean PN was the lowest in O. glumaepatula, which was lower than that of cultivated varieties and hybrids of O. sativa. High rates of photosynthesis were observed in O. nivara (ACC. No. CR 100097), O. rufipogon (ACC.No. CR 100267), and O. nivara (ACC.No. CR 100008). The O. nivara and O. rufipogon genotypes with high PN might be used in rice improvement programmes for an increase of leaf photosynthesis in rice. Multiple correlations performed between different gas-exchange characteristics and other physiological traits revealed that the rate of photosynthesis was not dependent on the leaf pigment content or the leaf thickness. A strong positive correlation between PN and the PN/Ci ratio, which represents the carboxylation efficiency, indicated that the observed variation in PN was not based on pigment content or other leaf traits. and T. V. Kiran ... [et al.].
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

523. Variation of photosynthetic characteristics and yield in wild and cultivated species of yams (Dioscorea spp.) from Koraput, India

Creator:
Padhan, B. and Panda, D.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fotosyntéza, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, gas exchange, tuber yield, 2, and 581
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Variations in leaf gas-exchange characteristics, PSII activity, leaf pigments, and tuber yield were investigated in seven wild and one cultivated species of Dioscorea from Koraput, India, in order to find out their overall adaptability to the environment. The leaf photosynthetic rate, transpiration, stomatal conductance, water-use efficiency, carboxylation efficiency, and photosynthetic pigments were significantly higher in some wild species compared to the cultivated species. In addition, some wild species showed better photochemical efficiency of PSII, photochemical quenching, and electron transport rate in comparison to cultivated one. Furthermore, leaf dry matter accumulation and tuber yield was also higher in some wild species compared to the cultivated species. Taken together, the wild species, such as D. oppositifolia, D. hamiltonii, and D. pubera, showed the superior photosynthetic efficiency compared to the cultivated D. alata and they could be used for future crop improvement programs., B. Padhan, D. Panda., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

524. Variations in light energy dissipation in Woodfordia fruticosa leaves during expansion

Creator:
Zhang, S.-B. and Zhang, J.-L.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
anthocyanin, leaf expansion, nonphotochemical quenching, gas exchange, photosynthetic electron flow, photorespiration, 2, and 581
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Young leaves of tropical trees frequently appear red in color, with the redness disappearing as the leaves mature. During leaf expansion, plants may employ photoprotective mechanisms to cope with high light intensities; however, the variations in anthocyanin contents, nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), and photorespiration during leaf expansion are poorly understood. Here, we investigated pigment contents, gas exchange, and chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence in Woodfordia fruticosa leaves during their expansion. Young red leaves had significantly lower Chl content than that of expanding or mature leaves, but they accumulated significantly higher anthocyanins and dissipated more excited light energy through NPQ. As the leaves matured, net photosynthetic rate, total electron flow through PSII, and electron flow for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate oxygenation gradually increased. Our results provided evidence that photorespiration is of fundamental importance in regulating the photosynthetic electron flow and CO2 assimilation during leaf expansion., S.-B. Zhang, J.-L. Zhang., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

525. Variations of leaf morphology, photosynthetic traits and water-use efficiency in Western-Mediterranean tomato landraces

Creator:
Fullana-Pericàs, M., Conesa, M. À., Soler, S., Ribas-Carbó, M., Granell, A., and Galmés, J.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
asimilace uhlíku, izotopové složení uhlíku, difúzní omezen, morfologie listu, efektivita využívání vody, rajče, carbon assimilation, carbon isotope composition, diffusive limitations, mesophyll conductance, leaf morphology, water-use efficiency, tomato, 2, and 581
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Modern tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) breeding has mainly focused on increasing productivity under unlimited watering. In contrast, some Mediterranean accessions have been traditionally cultivated under water shortage and selected on the basis of their water-use efficiency (WUE). Ramellet and Penjar landraces were planted with other traditional, old and modern inbreeds, under full irrigation. In order to found differences between the tomato accessions, gas-exchange and leaf morphology measurements were performed. Despite high variability, Ramellet and Penjar presented clear differences compared to modern cultivars, mostly related to leaf morphology and photosynthetic traits, while no differences were found in WUE. Results highlighted that better leaf CO2 conductance might be a main factor determining the improvement of net CO2 assimilation and WUE., M. Fullana-Pericàs, M. À. Conesa, S. Soler, M. Ribas-Carbó, A. Granell, J. Galmés., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

526. Vegetative growth, compatible solute accumulation, ion partitioning and chlorophyll fluorescence of ‘Malas-e-Saveh’ and ‘Shishe-Kab’ pomegranates in response to salinity stress

Creator:
Khayyat, M., Tehranifar, A., Davarynejad, G. H., and Sayyari-Zahan, M. H.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fotosyntéza, chloridy, fluorescence, chlorid sodný, draslík, sodík, photosynthesis, chlorides, sodium chloride, potassium, sodium, chloride, growth, NaCl, proline, total carbohydrates, 2, and 581
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
The present research was conducted to assess physiological responses of ‘Malas-e-Saveh’ (Malas) and ‘Shishe-Kab’ (Shishe) pomegranates to water of different salt content and electrical conductivity (1.05, 4.61, and 7.46 dS m-1). Both cultivars showed a reduced trunk length due to salinity. Relative water content and stomatal conductivity of both cultivars were significantly reduced under salt stress, but ion leakage increased. In both cultivars, total chlorophyll (Chl) and carbohydrates decreased with rise in salinity, while proline accumulation increased. With salinity increment, the Chl fluorescence parameters (maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII and effective quantum yield of PSII) declined significantly in both cultivars, with higher reduction observed in Shishe. Generally, more Na+ accumulated in shoots and more Cl- was observed in leaves. Cl- accumulation increased by salinity in leaves of Malas, but it was reduced in Shishe. The K+/Na+ ratio in leaves decreased in both cultivars by salinity increment. Malas was less affected by osmotic effects of NaCl, but it accumulated more Cl- in its leaves. Thus, Malas might be more affected by negative effects of salinity., M. Khayyat, A. Tehranifar, G. H. Davarynejad, M. H. Sayyari-Zahan., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

527. Virus-induced changes in photosynthetic parameters and peroxidase isoenzyme contents in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants

Creator:
Huseynova, I. M., Mirzayeva, S. M., Sultanova, N. F., Aliyeva, D. R., Mustafayev, N. Sh., and Aliyev, J. A.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
chlorofyl, karotenoidy, chlorophyll, carotenoids, tobamovirus, efektivita fotosystému II, tylakoidní membránové proteiny, peroxidace lipidů, peroxidázové aktivity, photosystem II efficiency, thylakoid membrane proteins, lipid peroxidation, peroxidase activity, 2, and 581
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Tomato samples were collected from the field of Absheron peninsula in Azerbaijan in order to evaluate the incidence of main Tobamoviruses. According to results of serological and molecular tests, Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) were detected as single and mixed infections (TMV + PMMoV; ToMV + PMMoV) in various tomato samples. It was found that Tobamovirus infection caused an increase in the content of malondialdehyde, alterations in the activities of peroxidase enzymes and quantitative and qualitative changes in their molecular isoforms. A comparison of thylakoid membrane polypeptides from virus-infected leaves indicated a decrease in the content of the thylakoid membrane polypeptides with molecular masses of 123, 55, 47, 33, 28-24, 17, and 15 kD. PSII efficiency and the content of chlorophylls (a and b) were significantly lower in the virus-infected leaves., I. M. Huseynova, S. M. Mirzayeva, N. F. Sultanova, D. R. Aliyeva, N. Sh. Mustafayev, J. A. Aliyev., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

528. Viscosimetric analysis of the mechanism of ATP hydrolysis by pea chloroplast F1-ATPase

Creator:
Malyan, A. N.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
kinetika, viskozita, kinetics, viscosity, ATP hydrolysis, F1-ATPase, 2, and 581
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Dependence of ATP hydrolysis kinetics by the chloroplast coupling factor (CF1) on medium viscosity was studied at varying temperatures. For samples with oxidized and reduced CF1 γ-subunit, this dependence was shown to be described by Cramers’ relationship k - (η/ηo)-n, where k is the reaction rate constant, η/ηo is the medium/water viscosity ratio, and 0 < n < 1. Transition of the γ-subunit from its reduced to oxidized state was accompanied by increasing n value, which is indicative of increasing friction losses between certain enzyme sections and the solution. The increased medium viscosity produced no effect on the reaction activation energy which appeared to be almost the same for the both enzyme states. The molecular mechanisms responsible for CF1 activity loss in viscous media are discussed., A.N. Malyan., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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