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131. Characterization of ten polymorphic microsatellite markers for an endangered butterfly Argynnis niobe and their cross-species utility in the closely related species A. adippe (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Creator:
Zima JR, Jan, Leština, Dan, and Martin Konvička
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Carpathian Mts, conservation genetics, Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Argynnis niobe, A. adippe, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
The Niobe Fritillary, Argynnis niobe, is a habitat specialist and as a consequence is highly endangered in contemporary Europe. To investigate its genetic diversity and population structure, 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed and characterized, using a recently developed pyrosequencing method. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 21, and the observed and expected heterozygosities varied from 0.17 to 0.53 and from 0.24 to 0.92, respectively. These loci were also successfully used to study the genetic diversity of a closely related species, the High Brown Fritillary, Argynnis adippe, and will be used in future population structure studies of both these species., Jan Zima JR, Dan Leština, Martin Konvička., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

132. Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Spilarctia robusta (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Erebidae) and its phylogenetic implications

Creator:
Sun, Yu, Tian, Sen, Qian, Cen, Sun, Yu-Xuan, Abbas, Muhammad N., Kausar, Saima, Wang, Lei, Wei, Guoqing, Zhu, Bao-Jian, and Liu, Chao-Liang
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, evoluce (biologie), motýli, evolution (biology), butterflies, Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea, Erebidae, Spilarctia robusta, phylogenetic analyses, mitogenome, gene rearrangement, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Spilarctia robusta (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Erebidae) was sequenced and analyzed. The circular mitogenome is made up of 15,447 base pairs (bp). It contains a set of 37 genes, with the gene complement and order similar to that of other lepidopterans. The 12 protein coding genes (PCGs) have a typical mitochondrial start codon (ATN codons), whereas cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene utilizes unusually the CAG codon as documented for other lepidopteran mitogenomes. Four of the 13 PCGs have incomplete termination codons, the cox1, nad4 and nad6 with a single T, but cox2 has TA. It comprises six major intergenic spacers, with the exception of the A+T-rich region, spanning at least 10 bp in the mitogenome. The nucleotide composition of the genome is greatly A+T biased (81.09%), with a negative AT skewness (-0.007), indicating the presence of fewer As than Ts, similar to other Noctuoidea. The A+T-rich region is 343 bp long, and contains some conserved regions, including an "ATAGA" motif followed by a 19 bp poly-T stretch, a microsatellite-like (AT)9 and a poly-A element, a characteristic shared with other lepidopteran mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 13 PCGs using Maximum likelihood methods revealed that S. robusta belongs to the superfamily Noctuoidea., Yu Sun, Sen Tian, Cen Qian, Yu-Xuan Sun, Muhammad N. Abbas, Saima Kausar, Lei Wang, Guoqing Wei, Bao-Jian Zhu, Chao-Liang Liu., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

133. Chilocorus renipustulatus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) dominates predatory ladybird assemblages on Sorbus aucuparia (Rosales: Rosaceae)

Creator:
Emanuel Kula and Oldřich Nedvěd
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, entomologie, Coccinellidae, Chilocorus renipustulatus, scale insect, mountain ash, Sorbus aucuparia, abundance, phenology, melanism, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Fourteen predatory species of ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were collected from May to October 2008 from mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia) infested with the scale insect Chionaspis salicis at 31 localities in the Ore Mountains, northern Bohemia, Czech Republic. Chilocorus renipustulatus, usually a rare species, made up 85% of the individuals collected (1690). Other abundant species were Coccinella septempunctata, Calvia quatuordecimguttata, Adalia bipunctata and Adalia decempunctata. The invasive alien Harmonia axyridis was present but made up less than one per cent of the individuals collected. Niche overlap between pairs of ladybird species measured in terms of the coefficient of community, Morisita's index and cluster analysis showed that microhabitat preferences were similar and hence the possibility of competition was high in two pairs of congeneric species (Chilocorus and Calvia). Larvae of Ch. renipustulatus were abundant from mid-June through August and were still present in October. and Emanuel Kula, Oldřich Nedvěd.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

135. Chování a role ryb v evropských nádržích a jezerech

Creator:
Říha, Milan
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, zoologie, ryby, obojživelníci, plazi, životní prostředí, ekologie, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, environment, ecology, 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Článek shrnuje současné znalosti o distribuci ryb a její dynamice v našich přehradních nádržích. Především jsou popsány změny distribuce ryb v průběhu a mezi několika důležitými obdobími, jako je třecí období, období sběru potravy a zimní období. Dále je diskutován přínos současného rozvoje metodik vzorkování ryb k porozumění jejich distribučních vzorců., This paper summarizes current knowledge of fish distribution and its dynamics in Czech water reservoirs. The dynamics of fish distribution is described during the three periods, including spawning, feeding and wintering. And the importance of current fish sampling technique innova­tions for understanding fish distribution patterns is also discussed., and Martin Říha a kolektiv autorů.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

136. Chromosomal location of rDNA clusters and TTAGG telomeric repeats in eight species of the spittlebug genus Philaenus (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Aphrophoridae)

Creator:
Maryanska-Nadachowska, Anna, Kuznetsova, Valentina G., and Karamysheva, Tatyana V.
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Philaenus, Aphrophoridae, Auchenorrhyncha, FISH, Ag-NOR, rDNA, telomeres, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
A cytogenetic investigation was performed in eight species of the spittlebug genus Philaenus using silver-NOR (AgNOR)-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 18S rDNA and (TTAGG)n telomeric probes. This is the first application of FISH technique in the Auchenorrhyncha, a suborder of the Hemiptera. FISH along with the rDNA probe revealed differences between species in the number and chromosomal location of major ribosomal RNA gene sites, the so-called nucleolar organizer regions (NORs). However, we found a lack of perfect correlation between the results of AgNOR-staining and rDNA-FISH in the detection of NORs. FISH with the telomeric probe confirmed that the chromosome ends of the Philaenus species are composed of the (TTAGG)n nucleotide sequence, which is a common motif of insect telomeres., Anna Maryanska-Nadachowska, Valetnina G. Kuznetsova, Tatyana V. Karamysheva., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

137. Cizorodé látky ve vodním prostředí a jejich vliv na ryby

Creator:
Tomáš Randák
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, chemické látky, vodní ekosystémy, ryby, chemicals, water ecosystems, fishes, 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Pollution of the water environment by foreign substances is an important factor affecting the health of fish, their reproduction and hygienic quality. Almost 100,000 chemical compounds are currently used, and get into the environment. This article describes the causes and sources of water pollution and deals with the known effects of particular contaminants, including mercury, on freshwater fish, i. a. in terms of their position in the food chain. and Tomáš Randák.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

138. Climate-induced changes in the phenotypic plasticity of the Heath Fritillary, Melitaea athalia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Creator:
Juhász, Edit, Végvári, Zsolt, Tóth, János P., Pecsenye, Katalin, and Zoltán Varga
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, motýli, babočkovití, morfologie (biologie), butterflies, Nymphalidae, morphology (biology), Panonská pánev, Pannonian Basin, Lepidoptera, Melitaea athalia, Procrustes anova, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Recently a large number of studies have reported an increase in the variability in the climate, which affects behavioural and physiological adaptations in a broad range of organisms. Specifically, insects may be especially sensitive to climatic fluctuations, as their physiology and life history traits, like those of other ectotherms, are predominantly affected by environmental factors. Here we aimed to investigate climate-induced changes in several morphometric measures of the Heath Fritillary in North-Eastern Hungary, which is a highly diverse transitional area. During this study we tested the following hypotheses: (i) climate affects genitalia and body size to various degrees (ii) increasing variability in climate induces higher levels of fluctuating asymmetry and variance in all morphological characters. To our knowledge, this study is the first to analyse simultaneously wing size and structure of genitalia of a butterfly in response to variability in climate. Our findings suggest that wing and genital traits may exhibit similar degrees of stability in response to a more variable climate, although the response in terms of forewing size differs from that of other body measurements and the structure of the genitalia. These findings suggest that global climate change may affect lepidopteran body metrics over longer periods of time. Our findings parallel the results of investigations showing that insect morphology might be modified by environmental changes, which is especially the case for those body parts that are phenotypically very variable. However, we found no evidence that increasing variability in climate would induce higher levels of fluctuating asymmetry and greater variability in morphological characters., Edit Juhász, Zsolt Végvári, János P. Tóth, Katalin Pecsenye, Zoltán Varga., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

139. Cloning and pattern of expression of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase cDNA from Catantops pinguis (Orthoptera: Catantopidae)

Creator:
Tang, Bin, Zheng, Hui-Zhen, Xu, Qi, Zou, Qi, Wang, Guang-Jun, Zhang, Fan, Wang, Shi-Gui, and Zhang, Ze-Hua
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, entomologie, Orthoptera, Catantopidae, Catantops pinguis, trehalose-6-phosphate synthase, cloning, sequence analysis, expression pattern, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Trehalose is not only an important disaccharide, but also a key stress resistance factor in the development of many organisms, including plants, bacteria, fungi, and insects. To study the potential function of trehalose in development and behaviour, cDNA for a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase from Catantops pinguis (CpiTPS) was cloned and sequenced. Results revealed that the CpiTPS cDNA sequence contains an open reading frame of 2430 nucleotides encoding a protein of 809 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 91.13 kDa and a pI value of 6.25. Northern blot and RT-PCR analyses showed that CpiTPS mRNA expression was high in the fat body and testes, ovaries, Malpighian tubules, brain, trachea, rectum, and posterior extensor of C. pinguis. Northern blotting revealed that CpiTPS mRNA was expressed in the fat body at different developmental stages and was present at a high level in first instar larvae and adults. The results demonstrate that CpiTPS is a key gene in C. pinguis development. and Bin Tang, Hui-Zhen Zheng, Qi Xu, Qi Zou, Guang-Jun Wang, Fan Zhang, Shi-Gui Wang, Ze-Hua Zhang.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

140. Cloning, expression and characterisation of a cysteine protease from Trichinella spiralis

Creator:
Song, Yan Yan, Wang, Li Ang, Ren, Hua Na, Qi, Xin, Sun, Ge Ge, Liu, Ruo Dan, Jiang, Peng, Zhang, Xi, Cui, Jing, and Wang, Zhong Quan
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
parazitologie, parasitology, Trichinellosis, cysteine protease, invasion, development, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Cysteine protease is a superfamily of widespread proteolytic enzymes and plays a major role in larval invasion, migration, exsheathing, survival and immune evasion in parasites. In the present study, the gene coding cysteine proteinase of the nematode Trichinella spiralis (Owen, 1835) was cloned into pQE-80L and subsequently expressed in E. coli JM109. The rTsCP was purified and its antigenicity was identified by Western blot and ELISA. Using anti-rTsCP serum the native TsCP was identified in muscle larval crude proteins. The results of quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence test demonstrated that the TsCP was expressed in all stages of T. spiralis and located mainly in cuticle, stichosome and reproductive organs. The immunisation of mice with rTsCP elicited Th2-predominant immune responses. Anti-rTsCP antibodies could partially inhibit the in vitro larval invasion of intestinal epithelial cells and kill the newborn larvae by an antibody-dependent cell-mediated dose-dependent cytotoxicity. The vaccinated mice exhibited a 54% reduction of adults and a 33% reduction of muscle larvae following challenge infection. The results suggested that the TsCP might be an indispensable protein in Trichinella invasion, development and survival of T. spiralis in hosts, and could be a potential vaccine target against infection., Yan Yan Song, Li Ang Wang, Hua Na Ren, Xin Qi, Ge Ge Sun, Ruo Dan Liu, Peng Jiang, Xi Zhang, Jing Cui, Zhong Quan Wang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public