This article is an archaeological report on the results of the excavation carried out around the fi lled-up river branch and bridge No. 1 in Mikulčice in 2012 (excavation B 2012). The main aim of the research was to complete the fi eld works at bridge No. 1, which was discovered during the large-scale excavations performed at the defunct river channel in front of the NW gate of the bailey in 1966-1968. At the same time, the question of how the river channel developed at the site of the bridge was investigated, as well as the topic of the settlement in the wider area between the bailey and the north-western suburb. Presented along with the interpretation of the movable fi nds from the defunct river branch were two possible variants on how the settlement developed in relation to the gradual fi lling-up of the river channel. After analysing the fi nd circumstances in area B 2012, the authors inclined towards the second variant and thus revised the existing theories concerning the evolution of sedimentation in the area of the extinct riverbed. This has helped to resolve some key questions regarding the existence and demise of the power centre in Mikulčice., Marek Hladík, Lumír Poláček., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Abstract Intercultural relations of the Przeworsk Culture population in the Carpathian area at the turn of the Early and Younger Roman Periods as refl ected by cemetery at Prusiek, site 25, commune Sanok. The contribution deals with the characteristics of the cemetery at Prusiek, dated to the end of the Early Roman Period and the beginnings of the Younger Roman Period. This is the fi rst necropolis of the Przeworsk Culture discovered in the Polish Carpathian Mountains, in the upper San River basin. The rich grave goods helped to determine directions of the contacts of the population connected with the graveyard. Clearly visible are its links with so-called eastern zone of the Przeworsk culture as well as with Wielbark culture area and other areas located in the Baltic Sea basin., Renata Madyda-Legutko, Judyta Rodzinska-Nowak., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
On August 21, 1968, the Soviet and its Warsaw Pact allies invaded the Czechoslovak Republic, after negotiations failed, to prevent Alexander Dubcek´s Prague Spring reforms from continuing. The Soviets mustered thousands of troops from most Warsaw pact countries. The invasion was successful in stopping democratization reforms and strengthening the authority of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. and Jitka Vondrová.
Secularism and state policies toward religion represent one of the most important issues in Turkey aver since the establishment of the republic in 1923. This contribution briefly summarizes the interpretation of secularism a la turca under the Kemalist leadership and highlights the significant changes that have happened in this area under the AKP government of Prime Minister Recep Tayip Endogan after 2002. The AKP's attempts to introduce Islam-based morality into public space waswelcomed by various religious communities while diminished pressure from the state authorities allowed religiously oriented Turkish movements to act more freely. With the AKP's consolidation of power, the Hizmet movement of Fethullah Gülen finally forged a closer alliance with Ergodan's government and so became an important source of political and economic support both in Turkey and abroad. THe article also shows that the "moderate" secularism as experienced under the current government relaxed the pressure on vocational schools for imams and preachers and transformed the understanding of the state Sunni-Muslim "Church" organization (Diyanet) in the eyes of former hard-line Islamists. Secular circles, however, reject these developments and new trends as signs of continuous Islamization., Gabriel Pirický., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Despite the state borders, and the different socioeconomical and cultural contexts, productions of Italian opera in Prague and Dresden become considerably interconnected due the activity of the impresario Giuseppe Bustelli. During his directorship (1764-1777 in Prague, 1765-1777 in Dresden) and even in the next decade, more than 50% of the repertoire was shared. Furthermore, some of the artists performed in both cities, and the same or similar adaptations of operas were used. The main difference in repertoire consisted in opera seria productions in Prague until 1777, whereas in Dresden only opera buffa was staged since 1765. Analyses of selected works reveal some of both similar and different performing strategies and their aesthetical, practical as well as political connections., Marc Niubo., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy