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Start Over Subject Patologie. Klinická medicína Date Unknown

1. "--a jistě tak tvrdých a trucovitých hlav jsem jakživ neviděl--" aneb krátký pohled do života obyvatel městečka Kasejovice v době morové /

Creator:
Martínková, Petra,
Type:
studie
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, panství, městečka, obce, mor, epidemie, české země 1620-1740, choroby, epidemie, and města, obce
Language:
Czech
Description:
"...bestimmt habe ich zeitlebens nie so viele Hart- und Trotzköpfe gesehen..." oder ein kurzer Einblick ins Leben der Bewohner von Kasejovice (Kassejowitz) im Jahr 1680 während der Pestepidemie in Böhmen.
Rights:
unknown

5. Adiponectin and resistin gene polymorphisms in patients with anorexia nervosa and obesity and its influence on metabolic phenotype

Creator:
Jarmila Křížová, Markéta Dolinková, Zdeňka Lacinová, Štěpán Sulek, Radka Doležalová, Jitka Housová, Jana Krajíčková, Denisa Haluzíková, Lenka Bošanská, Hana Papežová, and Martin Haluzík
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, fyziologie člověka, polymorfismus, obezita, mentální anorexie, human physiology, polymorphism, obesity, anorexia nervosa, adiponectin, resistin, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
Genes for adiponectin and resistin are candidate genes of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of our study was to determine the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) 45T>G and 276G>T of the adiponectin gene and 62G>A and -180C>G of the resistin gene in patients with obesity (OB), anorexia nervosa (AN) and in control healthy normal-weight women (NW) and to study the influence of particular genotypes on serum concentrations of these hormones and on insulin sensitivity. Serum adiponectin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), insulin, cholesterol, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood glucose levels were measured in 77 patients with OB, 28 with AN and 38 NW. DNA analysis was carried out by polymerase chain reaction with restriction analysis of PCR product. The presence of SNP ADP+276 G>T allele was accompanied by higher cholesterol levels in AN patients, higher adiponectin concentrations in OB patients and lower HbA1c levels in NW. SNP of the resistin gene 62G>A was associated with lower HbA1c in NW and higher cholesterol concentrations in OB group. The carriers of the minor G allele in the position -180 of the resistin gene within AN group had significantly higher BMI relative to non-carriers. We conclude that polymorphisms in adiponectin and resistin genes can contribute to metabolic phenotype of patients with obesity and anorexia nervosa., J. Křížová, M. Dolinková, Z. Lacinová, Š. Sulek, R. Doležalová, J. Housová, J. Krajíčková, D. Haluzíková, L. Bošanská, H. Papežová, M. Haluzík., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

6. Algesthesia after epileptic seizure

Creator:
Jan Mareš and Richard Rokyta
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, patologie, epileptické záchvaty, analgezie, krysa obecná, pathology, epileptic seizures, analgesia, Rattus rattus, nociception, flurothyl, postictal analgesia, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
The consequences of epileptic seizures related to postictal inhibition in early postictal period include postictal analgesia. We studied this phenomenon over 96 h following flurothyl-induced seizures in adult male Wistar rats. Nociception of control (no seizure) and seizured groups were tested using the plantar and von Frey hair tests. We determined latency of forepaw and hind paw reactions using plantar tests and the number of von Frey hairs reactions. Shortly after seizures, longer plantar test latencies were seen relative to the control group. Before the seizures the plantar test reaction times were significantly shorter in forepaws than in hind paws. The effect disappeared post-seizure and surprisingly, it also disappeared at the corresponding time in controls; it reappeared after 48 h in the seizure group and after 24 h in controls. Differences in the von Frey hairs test occurred at 5 and 60 min post-seizure, however, these differences could not be explained by limb anatomy; although, different thermal and mechanical nociception mechanisms could be significant. The unexpected reactions in controls could be related to brief social and physical interactions between the two groups. and J. Mareš, R. Rokyta.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

7. An experimental, non-uremic rabbit model of peritoneal dialysis

Creator:
Zunic-Bozinovski, S., Lausevic, Z., Krstic, S., Jovanovic, N., Trbojevic-Stankovic, J., and Stojimirovic, B.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, experimentální medicína, peritoneální dialýza, králík, experimental medicine, peritoneal dialysis, Oryctolagus, experimental model, non-uremic rabbit, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a well established method of depuration in uremic patients. Standard dialysis solutions currently in use are not biocompatible with the peritoneal membrane. Studying effects of dialysate on peritoneal membrane in humans is still a challenge. There is no consensus on the ideal experimental model so far. We, therefore, wanted to develop a new experimental non-uremic rabbit model of peritoneal dialysis, which would be practical, easy to conduct, not too costly, and convenient to investigate the long-term effect of dialysis fluids. The study was done on 17 healthy Chinchilla male and female rabbits, anesthetized with Thiopental in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg body mass. A catheter, specially made from Tro-soluset (Troge Medical GMBH, Hamburg, Germany) infusion system, was then surgically inserted and tunneled from animals' abdomen to their neck. The planned experimental procedure was 4 weeks of peritoneal dialysate instillation. The presented non-uremic rabbit model of peritoneal dialysis is relatively inexpensive, does not require sophisticated technology and was well tolerated by the animals. Complications such as peritonitis, dialysis fluid leakage, constipation and catheter obstruction were negligible. This model is reproducible and can be used to analyze the effects of different dialysis solutions on the rabbit peritoneal membrane., S. Zunic-Bozinovski, Z. Lausevic, S. Krstic, N. Jovanovic, J. Trbojevic-Stankovic, B. Stojimirovic., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

8. Apolipoprotein A5 in health and disease

Creator:
Jaroslav Hubáček, Věra Adámková, Michal Vrablík, Michaela Kadlecová, Josef Zicha, Jaroslav Kuneš, Jan Piťha, Pavel Suchánek, and Rudolf Poledne
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, klinické lékařství, triacylglyceroly, polymorfismus, infarkt myokardu, clinical medicine, triacylglycerols, polymorphism, myocardial infarction, apolipoprotein A5, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
High plasma levels of triglycerides (TG) are an independent risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease, with about 50 % of the final levels being determined genetically. Apolipoprotein A5 ( APOA5 ) is the last discovered member of the apolipoprotein APOA1/C3/A4 gene cluster, found by comparative sequencing analysis. The importance of APOA5 gene for determination of plasma triglyceride levels has been suggested after development of transgenic and knock-out mice (transgenic mice displayed significantly reduced TG, whereas knock-out mice had high TG). In Czech population, alleles C-1131 and Trp19 are associated with elevated levels of plasma TG and higher risk of myocardial infarction development. These alleles also play some role in nutrigenetics and actigenetics of lifestyle interventions leading to the plasma cholesterol changes as well as in the pharmacogenetics of statin treatment. On the contrary, APOA5 mutations detected in Czech population did not show strict effect on plasma TG levels. Val153 → Met variant exhibit the sex-specific effect of HDL-cholesterol levels. The suggested roles of APOA5 variants in determination of the plasma remnant particles, plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein or some anthropometrical parameters were excluded., J. A. Hubáček ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

9. Association of gestational diabetes mellitus and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size

Creator:
Qiu, Chunfang, Rudra, C., Austin, M. A., and Williams, M. A.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, fyziologie, diabetes mellitus, lipoproteiny, physiology, lipoproteins, gestational diabetes mellitus, LDL particle size, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
A predominance of small, dense low-density lipoproteins (LDL) is characteristic of the dyslipidemic state seen in type 2 diabetes. However, no study has investigated the association in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which is pathophysiologically similar to type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that LDL particle size is reduced in GDM cases compared with controls. Gradient gel electrophoresis was used to characterize LDL subclass phenotypes in non-fasting intrapartum plasma from 105 GDM cases and 96 controls. All participants were free of pre-existing diabetes or hypertension. The authors used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for confounders. Women with this phenotype had a significant 4.9-fold (95 % CI: 1.1-23.2) increased risk of GDM compared with those with the large, buoyant phenotype. The magnitude of this association was attenuated when plasma triglyceride and other confounders were included in the model (OR=4.2, 95 % CI: 0.5-39.5). Mean LDL particle size in GDM cases was smaller compared with controls (270.1 vs. 272.7Å, p=0.003). The OR of GDM risk was 1.8 (95 % CI: 0.9-3.3) for every 10-Å reduction in LDL particle size. Large prospective studies are needed to evaluate the association between smaller LDL particle size in early pregnancy with subsequent GDM risk., C. Qiu, C. Rudra, M. A. Austin, M. A. Williams., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

10. Blood pressure and heart rate variability response to noninvasive ventilation in patients with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Creator:
Peter Skyba, Pavol Joppa, Martin Orolín, and Ružena Tkáčová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, fyziologie, nemoci plic, pulz (lékařství), autonomní nervový systém, physiology, pulmonary diseases, pulse, autonomic nervous system, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
Sympathetic activation and parasympathetic withdrawal are commonly observed during acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We have demonstrated previously that noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV) improves parasympathetic neural control of heart rate in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. We hypothesized that NPPV may exert such beneficial effects in COPD as well. Therefore, we assessed the acute effects of NPPV on systemic blood pressure and indexes of heart rate variability (HRV) in 23 patients with acute exacerbations of COPD. The measurements of HRV in the frequency domain were computed by an autoregressive spectral technique. The use of NPPV resulted in significant increases of oxygen saturation (from 89.2±1.0 to 92.4±0.9 %, p<0.001) in association with reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate (from 147±3 to 138±3 mm Hg, from 86±2 to 81±2 mm Hg, from 85±3 to 75±2 bpm, p<0.001 for all variables), and increases in ln-transformed high frequency band of HRV (from 6.4±0.5 to 7.4±0.6 ms2/Hz, p<0.01). Reductions in heart rate and increases in ln-transformed HF band persisted after NP PV withdrawal. In conclusion, these findings suggest that NPPV may cause improvements in the neural control of heart rate in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD., P. Skyba, P. Joppa, M. Orolín, R. Tkáčová., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public