Climate change scenarios predict losses of cold-adapted species from insular locations, such as middle high mountains at temperate latitudes, where alpine habitats extend for a few hundred meters above the timberline. However, there are very few studies following the fates of such species in the currently warming climate. We compared transect monitoring data on an alpine butterfly, Erebia epiphron (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from summit elevations of two such alpine islands (above 1300 m) in the Jeseník Mts and Krkonoše Mts, Czech Republic. We asked if population density, relative total population abundance and phenology recorded in the late 1990s (past) differs that recorded early in 2010s (present) and if the patterns are consistent in the two areas, which are separated by 150 km. We found that butterfly numbers recorded per transect walk decreased between the past and the present, but relative population abundances remained unchanged. This contradictory observation is due to an extension in the adult flight period, which currently begins ca 10 days earlier and lasts for longer, resulting in the same total abundances with less prominent peaks in abundance. We interpret this development as desynchronization of annual cohort development, which might be caused by milder winters with less predictable snow cover and more variable timing of larval diapause termination. Although both the Jeseník and Krkonoše populations of E. epiphron are abundant enough to withstand such desynchronization, decreased synchronicity of annual cohort development may be detrimental for innumerable small populations of relic species in mountains across the globe., Martin Konvička, Jiří Beneš, Oldřich Čížek, Tomáš Kuras, Irena Klečková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Heteroptera caught during day and night sampling at a height of 200 m above ground at Cardington, Bedfordshire, UK, during eight summers (1999, 2000, and 2002–2007) were compared to high-altitude catches made over the UK and North Sea from the 1930s to the 1950s. The height of these captures indicates that individuals were engaged in windborne migration over distances of at least several kilometres and probably tens of kilometres. This conclusion is generally supported by what is known of the species’ ecologies, which reflect the view that the level of dispersiveness is associated with the exploitation of temporary habitats or resources. The seasonal timing of the heteropteran migrations is interpreted in terms of the breeding/overwintering cycles of the species concerned., Don R. Reynolds, Bernard S. Nau, Jason W. Chapman., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Seven polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for the planthopper Hyalesthes obsoletus, vector of stolbur 16SrXII-A phytoplasma. The loci have di- or trinucleotide repeat motifs and are highly variable with 10 to 22 alleles per locus. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.278 to 0.950 for the 78 individuals genotyped. One locus is sex-linked. No linkage between loci was found. All loci amplified consistently among phylogeographic as well as host-plant related samples and proved highly informative for population genetic studies. and Miriam IMO, Julia LÜNEBURG, Thomas HANKELN, Alfred SEITZ, Jes JOHANNESEN.
Mezi hlemýždě (Helix) patří některé z největších druhů suchozemských plžů v západní části palearktické oblasti. Článek představuje vybrané druhy hlemýžďů a pestrost prostředí, která obývají. Mnoho druhů lze snadno spatřit, protože se vyskytují na turisticky atraktivních lokalitách, přesto jsou tyto druhy jen povrchně prozkoumané a neví se ani, kolik druhů žije v Evropě. Mimo pravé hlemýždě ještě existují ve Středomoří a subtropické oblasti Severní Ameriky ještě tři další skupiny s podobným tvarem ulity, které se vyvinuly nezávisle na hlemýždích., The genus Helix, comprising some of the largest snails of the western Palaearctic, is introduced along with some of its representatives and the variety of their habitats. Many of the species are easy to spot, because they can be found at frequently visited sites in the Mediterranean. However, our knowledge of many of these species is superficial, and we don’t even know how many species occur in Europe. There are also three other groups, which resemble the genus Helix by their shell, but have evolved independently in the subtropics of the Mediterranean and Northern America., and Ondřej Korábek.
Hořavky (rod Rhodeus) jsou drobné kaprovité ryby, které kladou jikry do žaberního aparátu sladkovodních velevrubovitých mlžů (Unionidae). Rod má hlavní centrum rozšíření ve východní Asii, kde žijí asi dvě desítky druhů, ale jeden druh - hořavka duhová (R. amarus) - se vyskytuje také na našem území. Hořavky jsou vzhledem ke své reprodukční strategii vděčným modelem pro studium pohlavního výběru a vztahů mezi parazity a jejich hostiteli. Díky výzkumu v uplynulých letech došlo ke znatelnému posunu v našem porozumění toho, jak si samci a samice vybírají své partnery, jaké má tento výběr dopady na intenzitu pohlavního výběru a demografické parametry, nebo jak hořavky kolonizovaly Evropu. Asi nejzajímavější novinky se týkají výzkumu koevolučního vztahu mezi hořavkami a jejich hostitelskými mlži a vlivu nepůvodního druhu hořavky očkaté (Rhodeus ocellatus) a mlžů (škeble asijská - Sinanodonta woodiana a slávička mnohotvárná - Dreissena polymorpha) na tento vztah., Bitterlings (Rhodeus) are small cyprinid fishes of East Asian origin, remarkable for their reciprocal association with unionid mussels. Updated knowledge on the presence of European Bitterling (R. amarus) in Europe throughout the Holocene, based on data from bibliographical sources and genetic methods, is presented. The current state of the coevolutionary arms race between bitterling and mussels in areas of ancient and recent sympatry is reviewed. New challenges faced by the European Bitterling are addressed that come from the occurrence of non-native species such as the Asian unionid mussel Sinanodonta woodiana, Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) and Asian Rosy Bitterling (R. ocellatus)., and Martin Reichard.