This study revises the originally monotypic genus Afrogyrodactylus Paperna, 1968 (Monogenea), the species of which infect alestid fish (Characiformes) in Africa, and includes new records of these parasites from three geographically distant countries, Senegal, Sudan and South Africa. Morphology of opisthaptoral hooks and bars and nuclear ribosomal DNA data revealed three Afrogyrodactylus species. Afrogyrodactylus girgifae sp. n. is described from the fins of the Sudanese nurse tetra, Brycinus nurse (Rüppell), and A. kingi sp. n. presents from the gill arches of the South African sharptooth tetra, Micralestes acutidens (Peters), whereas a previously undescribed Afrogyrodactylus sp. occurred on the fins of B. nurse from Senegal. All three species differ conspicuously from the only one known species of this genus, A. characinis Paperna, 1968, by the dimensions of their haptoral hard parts. Detailed morphological and molecular descriptions and comparisons are presented.
The Oriental helotrephid genus Idiotrephes Lundblad, 1933, is taxonomically revised. Species discrimination is based on male genitalia and female terminalia. Three species groups are recognized. The I. chinai group contains I. chinai Lundblad, 1933 (type species; from Sumatra, Borneo, and West Malaysia) and three newly described species; I. asiaticus sp. n. (from Vietnam, Thailand, and west Malaysia); I. yupae sp. n., and I. polhemusi sp. n. (both from Thailand). The I. maior group contains I. maior Papáček, 1994; I. meszarosi Papáček, 1995 (both from Vietnam), and I. hainanensis sp. n. (from Hainan, China). The I. thai group consists of two newly described species from north and northeast Thailand, I. thai sp. n. and I. shepardi sp. n. In addition, some features of biology and morphology of the ovipositor are also included.
The Poecilimon ornatus group has an exclusively European distribution and includes the largest species in the genus. A revision of the taxa belonging to this group in Bulgaria and Macedonia (Central and Eastern Balkan Peninsula) is presented. Nine taxa described from Bulgaria are synonymised with 3 previously known species, as follows: Poecilimon ornatus (= P. mistshenkoi marzani, syn. n., P. mistshenkoi tinkae, syn. n., P. mistshenkoi vlachinensis, syn. n.), P. affinis s. str. (= P. mistshenkoi mistshenkoi, syn. n., P. affinis ruenensis, syn. n., P. affinis rilensis, syn. n., P. affinis medimontanus, syn. n., P. harzi, syn. n.) and P. hoelzeli (= P. kisi, syn. n.). The synonymy of P. poecilus with P. affinis and the subspecific status of P. affinis komareki are confirmed. One species, Poecilimon jablanicensis, sp. n., is described as new to science. A tabulated key, lists and maps of all known localities and oscillograms of the songs of all the species in this group are presented. The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary trends in the Poecilimon ornatus group are discussed.
A new genus, Ritacestus, is proposed to accommodate Ritacestus ritaii (Verma, 1926) comb. n. (syn. Proteocephalus ritaii), a parasite of the catfish Rita rita (Hamilton) in India. The new genus, which is placed in the Gangesiinae, is characterized by (i) a small, subspherical scolex formed by four large lobes separated from one another by longitudinal grooves, with a large, widely oval to pyriform rostellum-like apical organ, larger than suckers and possessing an apical hemispherical depression; (ii) paramuscular and cortical position of some vitelline follicles (most follicles are situated medullary); (iii) ventral and dorsal bands of vitelline follicles usually uninterrupted ventral to terminal genitalia and reaching to the posterior margin of proglottides; (iv) the vagina always anterior to the cirrus-sac; (v) a large size of the body (length up to 51 cm); and (vi) development of the uterus of type 2. In its morphology, especially shape of the scolex and apical organ, and paramuscular and cortical position of some vitelline follicles, Ritacestus resembles Postgangesia Akhmerov, 1969, but differs in the presence of a genital atrium (both genital pores of Postgangesia are separate), the anterior position of the vagina (almost always posterior in the latter genus), position of vitelline follicles in cross sections (dorsal and ventral bands in Ritacestus versus only a lateral band in the latter genus), and dorsal excretory canals indistinguishable in mature and gravid proglottides of R. ritaii (well developed in Postgangesia spp.). The type and only species of the genus, R. ritaii, is redescribed on the basis of new material from the type host from the Ganges River basin in India and its neotype is designated.
Supplementary files for a comparative study of word-formation without the addition of derivational affixes (conversion) in English and Czech.
The two .csv files contain 300 verb-noun conversion pairs in English and 300 verb-noun conversion pairs in Czech, i.e. pairs where either the noun is created from the verb or the verb is created from the noun without the use of derivational affixes. In English, the noun and verb in the conversion pair have the same form. In Czech, the noun and verb in the conversion pair differ in inflectional affixes.
The pairs are supplied with manual semantic annotation based on cognitive event schemata.
A file with the Appendix includes a list of dictionary definition phrases used as a basis for the semantic annotation.
Among populations of the Miniopterus bats of western Palaearctic, intraspecific variation has not been well documented. Herein we investigate sexual and age variation of these populations using two approaches – linear and geometric morphometrics. We analysed Moroccan (M. maghrebesnis), western and eastern European (M. schreibersii), Levantine (M. schreibersii), and east-Afghanistani (M. cf. fuliginosus) specimens; variation was compared between sexes of the particular specimen sets of three above mentioned Miniopterus spp. and between four age cohorts of
M. schreibersii samples. The results showed in all examined population sets males to be generally larger in size than females, the exception being the east-European animals. Significatly the most divergent sexes were those from eastern Afghanistan, the Levant and eastern Europe. The differences found between sexes in as well as between examined population sets can
be attributed to different life histories and/or to food competition. Weak correlations between patterns of sexual dimorphism and the newly proposed western Palaearctic classification of the Miniopterus bats suggest only a limited contribution of sexual variation to morphological variation in general. Certain aspects of age variaton were found in all examined morphological characters except the non-metric traits, which in turn indicates the importance of these traits for identification of the particular taxon across age categories.
Sexually dimorphic features of adult males and females of Soricidex dimorphus, a species unparalleled in its dimorphism by any described representative of the family Demodecidae, are compared by scanning electron microscopy. The account of sexual dimorphism in S. dimorphus is preceded by a review of sexually dimorphic features in other demodecid genera. Minute constituents of general morphology of demodecid mites such as claws, solenidia and spines of legs or palps, dorsal podosomal tubercles, and integumental slits and pores, part of which are reported and/or shown in scanning electron micrographs for the first time, are also receiving detailed attention.
Slovak Dependency Treebank (Slovenský závislostný korpus) was created as part of the Slovak National Corpus at the Ľ. Štúr Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences. The annotation follows the guidelines of the Prague Dependency Treebank (Czech), slightly modified in the spirit of Slovak grammatical tradition. Morphological tags, lemmas and dependency relations have been assigned manually to every word.
The present dataset is a subset of the original treebank. We automatically selected the sentences where the two human annotators 100% agreed on the analysis. This increases the quality and trustworthiness of the data but it also results in selecting short sentences most of the time. An extended version may be published in the future when manually merged and checked annotation is available.
The selected sentences have been converted to the CoNLL-X file format (original token IDs are preserved in the FEATS column). This PDT-style annotation will serve as the source for the first Slovak dataset in the Universal Dependencies (to be published separately).
The long-time process of paradigm levelling in the present-tense third-person plural of the IV-verb-class has been in progress since the 17th century at least. The aim of this paper is to describe how the concurrence between the standard (prosí, trpí, sázejí) and non -standard forms (in particular prosejí/trpějí and sází) manifested itself in the works by Bohumil Hrabal (1914-1997). The inquiry into Hrabal‘s selected works (the sample contains 20 works written between 1938 and 1995) proves a context-bound prosejí/trpějí incidence as well as a rather less frequent incidence of the sází form.