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102. Ecological characteristics and polyphasic taxonomic classification of stable pigment-types of the genus Chroococcus (Cyanobacteria)
- Creator:
- Kováčik, Ľubomír, Jezberová, Jitka, Komárková, Jaroslava, Kopecký, Jiří, and Komárek, Jiří
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- chromatic adaptation, Chroococcus, cyanobacteria, ecology, phylogeny, pigment content, pigment mutants, Slovakia, taxonomy, and ultrastructure
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Two differently coloured strains of the genus Chroococcus were isolated from a cyanobacterial assemblage collected from the stony littoral of a backwater of the Danube River in southern Slovakia. When grown after isolation, both subcultures were similar morphologically and their growth parameters did not differ substantially, but their pigment content (PC: PE and carotenoid ratios), details in their morphology during their life cycles and slime production were different. Identical and different characters of both morphotypes remained stable during cultivation on both agarized and liquid media, even when the cultivation parameters were changed. Both of the subcultures were studied using electron microscopy and almost their complete 16S rRNA genes were sequenced, which showed that in terms of their genetic relationship there was a 96.4% sequence similarity and certain taxonomic interspecific differences between both subcultures were confirmed. The various chromatic modifications recorded in cyanobacteria and their ecological consequences are discussed. The results yielded further data on the changes that occur during the cyanobacterial differentiation processes and their genetic stabilization.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
103. European non-volant mammal diversity: conservation priorities inferred from phylogeographic studies
- Creator:
- Amori, Giovanni, Gippoliti, Spartaco, and Castiglia, Riccardo
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- conservation priorities, taxonomy, and mtDNA
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The increasing use of phylogeographic studies, based on mitochondrial DNA, in European mammals not only provides the genetic structure of the populations and a reconstruction of the evolutionary history of each taxon but is also useful in identifying cryptic species and areas that may represent conservation priorities. We reviewed the published data (about 60 articles) reporting phylogeographic studies, based on sequences of mtDNA genes, in order to identify those populations representing putative species, not yet formally described among European mammal species of all orders, with the exception of Chiroptera. A DNA taxonomic approach and the value of subspecies are also discussed in relation to conservation activities.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
104. First descriptions of dicyemid mesozoans (Dicyemida: Dicyemidae) from Australian octopus (Octopodidae) and cuttlefish (Sepiidae), including a new record of Dicyemennea in Australian waters
- Creator:
- Catalano, Sarah R.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Dicyema, taxonomy, morphology, renal appendages, Octopus berrima, Sepia papuensis, Spencer Gulf, Gulf St. Vincent, and Shark Bay
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Three new species of dicyemid mesozoans are described for the first time from Australian octopus and cuttlefish species. Dicyemennea floscephalum sp. n. is described from Octopus berrima Stranks et Norman (southern keeled octopus) collected from Spencer Gulf and Gulf St. Vincent, South Australia, Australia and represents the first description of a species of Dicyemennea Whitman, 1883 from Australian waters. Dicyema papuceum sp. n. and D. furuyi sp. n. are described from Sepia papuensis Hoyle (Papuan cuttlefish) collected from Shark Bay, Western Australia, Australia. Dicyemennea floscephalum sp. n. is a medium to large species that reaches approximately 4.9 mm in length. The vermiform stages are characterised by having 23-28 peripheral cells, and a disc-shaped, flower-like calotte in larger individuals. An anterior abortive axial cell is absent in vermiform embryos and verruciform cells were not observed in nematogens and rhombogens. Infusoriform embryos comprise 37 cells; one nucleus is present in each urn cell. Dicyema papuceum sp. n. is a small species that reaches approximately 1.1 mm in length. The vermiform stages are characterised by having 30-33 peripheral cells and a relatively small, cap-shaped calotte. An anterior abortive axial cell is absent in vermiform embryos and verruciform cells were occasionally observed in nematogens. Infusoriform embryos comprise 37 cells; two nuclei are present in each urn cell. Dicyema furuyi sp. n. is a large species that reaches approximately 5.3 mm in length. The vermiform stages are characterised by having 22-24 peripheral cells and an elongate calotte. An anterior abortive axial cell is absent in vermiform embryos and verruciform cells were not observed in nematogens and rhombogens. Infusoriform embryos comprise 37 cells; one nucleus is present in each urn cell. Three secondary nematogens were also observed in the right renal appendages of two host individuals, confirming the occurrence of this form.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
105. First DNA analysis of pill scarabs (Coleoptera: Hybosoridae: Ceratocanthinae) reveals multiple paraphyly of Afrotropical Philharmostes
- Creator:
- Grebennikov, Vasily V.
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Coleoptera, Hybosoridae, Ceratocanthinae, Ceratocanthini, DNA barcode, ITS2, 28S, phylogeny, forest litter, taxonomy, Philharmostes ballerioi sp. n., Afrotropical Region, and Eastern Arc Mountains
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This paper is the first attempt to resolve relationships among the Ceratocanthinae: Ceratocanthini pill scarab beetles using DNA sequences. It is focused on the Philharmostes group of seven Afrotropical genera: Baloghianestes (3 spp.), Callophilharmostes (1 sp.), Carinophilharmostes (1 sp.), Chaetophilharmostes (1 sp.), Cryptophilharmostes (3 spp.), Petrovitzostes (1 sp.) and Philharmostes (31 spp.). A phylogenetic analysis of 46 terminals and alignment of 2,913 bp from one mitochondrial and two nuclear fragments corroborates monophyly of this group, but rejects that of Philharmostes, the largest genus. The latter is paraphyletic with respect to at least four other smaller genera and consists of at least three distantly related clades. One of them, formed by Philharmostes ballerioi sp. n. from the Tanzanian Nguru (the type locality) and Kaguru Mountains, is sister to the rest of the entire Philharmostes group. The nominal genus Philharmostes is, therefore, a waste-basket taxon for accommodating members of this group that lack the distinct characters of the smaller genera. Pending further research, the phylogenetically inadequate generic taxonomy of the Philharmostes group is not modified. Molecular clock analysis estimates separation of the mitochondrial lineages of two known populations of the new species at about 2.2 Ma, which corresponds with recurring shrinkage and expansion of African rainforest caused by climatic fluctuations during the Pleistocene. Adults of all nominal ingroup genera are illustrated along with male and female body parts of the new species. Diagnostic and/or synapomorphic morphological characters of the Philharmostes group of genera are revised. Habitus images and other supplementary information on all sequenced specimens are available online at dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-VGDS001 and dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-VGDS004.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
106. first European record of Potamoge ×xubobtusus identified using ITS and cpDNA sequence data
- Creator:
- Zalewska-Gałosz, Joanna, Ronikier, Michał, and Kaplan, Zdeněk
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- hybridization, matroclinal variation, molecular identification, nomenclature, sequencing, taxonomy, and typification
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A combined study of morphology, stem anatomy and DNA sequencing data (nuclear ribosomal ITS region and rpl32-trnL and rps12-rpl20 intergenic spacers of chloroplast DNA) was used to identify a putative Potamogeton hybrid from a river in NE Poland. Based on the morphological and anatomical characters the plants were tentatively identified as P. ×subobtusus Hagstr., a hybrid between P. alpinus Balb. and P. nodosus Poir. This identification was independently confirmed by the presence in hybrid individuals of an additive ITS sequence pattern from these two parental species. In all plants peaks corresponding to nucleotide states of both parents were clearly distinguishable, however the variants from P. nodosus dominated over those from P. alpinus. P. nodosus was also identified as the maternal parent of the hybrid based on cpDNA data and dominated the expression of morphological features in hybrid individuals. A detailed morphological description of P. × subobtusus and the typification of the name are provided. As P. nodosus rarely hybridizes with other species, existence of other hybrids, as well as possible difficulties in recognizing these taxa are also discussed.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
107. First molecular assessment of the interrelationships of cladorchiid digeneans (Digenea: Paramphistomoidea), parasites of Neotropical fishes, including descriptions of three new species and new host and geographical records
- Creator:
- Pantoja, Camila, Tomáš Scholz, Luque, José Luis, and Arlene Jones
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- motolice, vrubozubcovití, Trematoda, Cichlidae, Jižní Amerika, South America, diversity, taxonomy, new species, SEM, 28S rDNA, ITS2, cox1, Characiformes, Siluriformes, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- a1_The first molecular assessment of phylogenetic relationships of cladorchiid digeneans (superfamily Paramphistomoidea Fischoeder, 1901) from freshwater fishes based on 28S rDNA, ITS2 and cox1 sequences reveals the subfamilies Dadayiinae Fukui, 1929 and Kalitrematinae Travassos, 1933 as non-monophyletic, whereas Dadaytrema Travassos, 1931 represented by three species is monophyletic. Fourteen species of cladorchiids were found in characiform, perciform and siluriform fishes in the Neotropical Region (Brazil and Peru), with numerous new host and geographical records. The first scanning electron micrographs of seven species are presented. Two new species of dadayiine and one new species of kalitrematine paramphistomes are described. Microrchis macrovarium sp. n. from Pimelodella cristata (Müller et Troschel) (type host), Tetranematichthys quadrifilis (Kner) and Pterodoras granulosus (Valenciennes) in Brazil and Peru differs from all three congeners in that the testes are directly tandem, not oblique, and that the ovary, between the caecal ends, is widely separated from the testes. Pronamphistoma philippei sp. n. from Heros sp. in Brazil is distinguished from the type and only species, Pronamphistoma cichlasomae Thatcher, 1992, by the absence of the anterior collar-like expansion present in the type species, the presence of extramural rather than intramural pharyngeal sacs, and the unusual development of the dorsal and ventral exterior circular muscle fibre series in the acetabulum., a2_Pseudocladorchis romani sp. n. from P. granulosus (type host), Brachyplatystoma vaillantii (Valenciennes), Calophysus macropterus (Lichtenstein), Megalodoras uranoscopus (Eigenmann et Eigenmann) and Oxydoras niger (Valenciennes) in Brazil and Peru, is most similar to Pseudocladorchis nephrodorchis Daday, 1907 but differs in the shape of the testes (irregular, versus reniform in the latter species) and the size of the ovary (as large as, or larger than, the testes in the new species). The generic diagnosis of Pronamphistoma Thatcher, 1992 is amended. Dadaytremoides parauchenipteri Lunaschi, 1989 is transferred to Doradamphistoma Thatcher, 1979 as D. parauchenipteri (Lunaschi, 1989) comb. n. based on morphological and molecular evidence., Camila Pantoja, Tomáš Scholz, José Luis Luque, Arlene Jones., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
108. Fish-isolated Naegleria strains and their phylogeny inferred from ITS and SSU rDNA sequences
- Creator:
- Dyková, Iva, Pecková, Hana, Fiala, Ivan, and Dvořáková, Helena
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Naegleria, fish-isolated strains, SSU rDNA, ITS, phylogeny, and taxonomy
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Effort was made to identify Naegleria strains isolated from organs of fish, using phylogenetic analyses of SSU rDNA and ITS sequences. Eighteen fish-isolated strains studied enlarged substantially the so far available set of Naegleria strains characterized by both molecular markers. The phylogenetic analyses of separate and concatenated SSU rDNA and ITS sequences revealed phylogenetic relationships of strains under study; however, they failed to solve classification of fish-isolated strains into species. The sequence similarity of strain-representatives of Naegleria species as well as data obtained on intragenomic variation of ITS sequences discouraged the authors from the definition of new species. The results of the present study provide evidence of a need to re-evaluate the current practice of setting boundaries between species of the genus Naegleria. Sequences obtained in this study have been deposited in GenBank with accession numbers DQ768714-DQ768743.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
109. Five new species of philometrid nematodes (Philometridae) from marine fishes off Java, Indonesia
- Creator:
- Moravec, František, Walter, Thorsten, and Yuniar, Asri Trisnani
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- parasitic nematodes, Philometra, Philometroides, taxonomy, and teleost fish
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Based on light and scanning electron microscopical studies, the following five species of the Philometridae (Nematoda: Dracunculoidea) are described from female specimens collected from marine fishes off the southwestern coast of Java, Indonesia: Philometra lobotidis sp. n. from the abdominal cavity of the Atlantic tripletail Lobotes surinamensis (Bloch) (Lobotidae, Perciformes); Philometra javaensis sp. n. from the abdominal cavity of the immaculate puffer Arothron immaculatus (Bloch et Schneider) (Tetraodontidae, Tetraodontiformes); Philometra psettoditis sp. n. from the musculature of the Indian spiny turbot Psettodes erumei (Bloch et Schneider) (Psettodidae, Pleuronectiformes); Philometroides indonesiensis sp. n. from the musculature of the hound needlefish Tylosurus crocodilus crocodilus (Péron et Lesueur) (Belonidae, Beloniformes); and Philometroides trichiuri sp. n. from the dorsal fin of the largehead hairtail Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus (type host) and the savalai hairtail Lepturacanthus savala (Cuvier) (both Trichiuridae, Perciformes). All these new species are distinguished from their congeners parasitizing marine fishes by morphological (mainly the shape and structure of the cephalic and caudal ends and of the oesophagus) and biometrical features. Besides previously known Philometra pellucida (Jägerskiöld, 1893) and Philometra ocularis Moravec, Ogawa, Suzuki, Miyazaki et Donai, 2002, they are the only nominal philometrid species recorded from Indonesian waters.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
110. Five new species of Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia from Central Europe and Denmark
- Creator:
- Trávníček, Bohumil, Kirschner, Jan, and Štěpánek, Jan
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Central Europe, Denmark, chorology, new species, sect. Ruderalia, Taraxacum, and taxonomy
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A detailed study of Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia for the 8th volume of the Flora of the Czech Republic revealed five new agamospermous species, viz. T. atroviride Štěpánek et Trávníček, T. clarum Kirschner, Štěpánek et Trávníček, T. moldavicum Chán, H. Ollgaard, Štěpánek, Trávníček et Žíla, T. urbicola Kirschner, Štěpánek et Trávníček and T. violaceifrons Trávníček. These species are formally described, thoroughly characterized morphologically and compared with similar taxa. They are known from numerous localities in Central Europe; T. moldavicum, in addition to the Central European distribution, is known to occur in two regions in Denmark. All these species are also documented by photographs of their general habit and important features.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/