The author discusses the terms ‘Baroque’ and ‘Classical’ as used in historiography, art history and fine-art history. He follows the changes of meaning of the terms ‘Baroque’ and ‘Classical’ from the 17th-20th century, and tries to discern the style features of the Baroque and Classical periods. His article is based on his own earlier works dealing with this subject, and on conclusions of the scientific discussion which took place in Bohemian, European and American historical and musicological works in the first six decades of the 20th century.