The Egyptian army was the actor whose decisions during the Egyptian uprising of 2011 mattered most. Should the army have decided to support the regime, the revolution might have ended, at best, with thousands of casualties; at worst, it might have followed the bloody Syrian scenario of a civil war. Yet, after a long period of waiting and hesitation the military leadership eventually opted to support the demonstrators. In this respects, the underlying aim of this study is to scrutinize the key decision of the Egyptian military not to intervene in favor of Mubarak's regime. By exploring the borader context of the military's role in the Egyptian political and economic life, this study seeks to illuminate not only the army's decision to "betray" Mubarak's regime, but also the controversial performance of the army after the revolution., Helena Burgrová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Vedeckým zámerom predkladaného príspevku je prostredníctvom historickej, analytickej, komparatívnej a indukčnej metódy odlíšenie klasického žoldnierstva, ako ho definuje medzinárodné právo, od pôsobenie tzv. súkromných vojenských a bezpečnostných spoločností (private military and security companies – PMSC). Tie sa vo forme obchodných spoločností objavujú v rôznych oblastiach medzinárodného krízového manažmentu a tvoria v súčasnosti nezanedbateľný komponent ozbrojenej prítomnosti
v jednotlivých konfliktoch. Sú tiež pomerne výnosným predmetom „nadnárodného“ podnikania s pomerne nejasne stanovenými pravidlami, do ktorých značne zasahuje aj medzinárodné právo ozbrojeného konfliktu (medzinárodné humanitárne právo). V predmetnom príspevku sa snažíme zaujať stanovisko aj k tzv. hard a soft law iniciatívam, ktorých cieľom je potlačiť proliferáciu týchto spoločnosti, (resp. ich vznik a pôsobenie regulovať) a sformulovať závery de lege ferenda v súvislosti s participačným procesom Slovenskej republiky na Dokumente z Montreaux. and This paper wants to, by using historical, analytical, comparative and inductive methods, distinguish typical mercenarism as defined by the international law from the so-called private military and security companies (PMSC), which appear in the form of business corporations in various areas of international crisis management and currently represent a significant component of an
armed presence in the present conflicts and quite profitable subject of “transnational” business with rather vaguely defined rules which are greatly affected by the International law of armed conflict (International humanitarian law). The paper is trying to take a position on the so-called hard and soft law initiatives which seek to suppress the proliferation of these companies (i.e. the creation and regulation) and to formulate conclusions de lege ferenda in connection with the participation process of the Slovak Republic in the Montreaux Document.