Natural rubber is currently produced largely from the tropical Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis), which is grown on large plantations in south-eastern Asia. However, some rubber-forming plants can also be found in the temperate zone. The most important species is the tiny dandelion named Koksaghyz or the Russian Dandelion (Taraxacum koksaghyz), belonging to the Asteraceae family and native to south-eastern Kazakhstan. This plant has an exciting history and recently has been intensively researched as an alternative to Hevea rubber. This article describes value of this member of Asteraceae family for the human community. and Tomáš Černý.