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1. Český porodní systém z antropologického pohledu: Hrešanová, E. Kultury dvou porodnic: etnografická studie

Creator:
Hana Hašková
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
etnografický výzkum, sociologie lékařství, sociální interakce, zdravotničtí pracovníci, porodnice, porodnictví, ethnographical research, medical sociology, social interaction, medical personnel, maternity hospitals, obstetrics, women in childbed, hospital care, rodičky, nemocniční péče, 14, and 618
Language:
Czech
Description:
[autor recenze] Hana Hašková. and Poznámky na s. 107
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

3. Ekvivalence a blokové modelování v analýze sociálních sítí

Creator:
Diviák, Tomáš
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Sociální interakce. Sociální komunikace, sociální interakce, shluková analýza, social interaction, cluster analysis, social network analysis, blockmodeling, relational data, 18, and 316.4/.7
Language:
Czech
Description:
The paper presents to Czech social scientists an introductory review of the concept of equivalence and the method of blockmodeling in social network analysis (SNA). After introducing the central concepts of SNA such as node and tie, along with their basic metrics such as centrality and cohesion, I present the concepts of role and position. These are treated by SNA as clusters of nodes with similar ties, something I juxtapose to algorithms to identify cohesive subgroups of nodes. Subsequently, I define and compare the two most frequently applied types of equivalence - structural, which is strict but broadly applicable, and regular, which is more liberal but has limited uses. Structural equivalence builds on a strict definition of similarity of ties, treating as equivalent only such nodes that have the same ties to the same other nodes. Regular equivalence works with looser criteria and better corresponds with both the theoretical and the intuitive notions of role; this, however, is outweighed by the absence of a unique regular-equivalent solution within a network and by the difficulty to process networks with undirected ties. Regular-equivalent nodes are such that have ties to other mutually equivalent nodes. I present examples to demonstrate the differences between both definitions. In the following section, I discuss measurement of similarity between the different nodes’ profiles of ties (e.g., correlation and Euclidean distance) and possible uses of the standard statistical methods of cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling to detect equivalent classes of nodes within networks. After pointing to the weaknesses of these techniques in network data analysis, I present blockmodeling as a method designed specifically to identify roles and positions within networks. Ischematize the blockmodeling procedure and present its basic terms before comparing classic inductive blockmodeling, which is primarily fit for the purposes of exploration and network reduction, with deductive generalized blockmodeling, which is applicable in testing hypotheses about basic structural characteristics of a network. I bring attention to the strengths and weaknesses of both approaches. Relatedly, I present an application of blockmodeling especially for the purposes of simplified network representation, comparing structural patterns across networks, and testing structural theories. In the following section, I demonstrate specific blockmodeling algorithms based on both structural equivalence (CONCOR and Tabu Search optimization) and regular equivalence (REGE and Tabu Search optimization). Then I verify the adequacy of their resulting assignment of positions to nodes using eta coefficient, Q modularity and correlation of the ideal blocked and the empirical adjacency matrices. In the concluding section, I demonstrate the entire blockmodeling procedure on an empirical case of a small network with undirected ties using the UCINET software tool, including interpretation of results. Finally, I reflect the contemporary position of blockmodeling among leading research approaches in SNA, referring to other empirically oriented studies that demonstrate the broad applicability and utility of position analysis., Tomáš Diviák., and Obsahuje použitou literaturu a poznámky
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

4. Gender jako analytická kategorie pro porozumění sexuálnímu obtěžování

Creator:
Kateřina Kolářová, Irena Smetáčková, and Petr Pavlík
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
vysokoškolští studenti, vysoké školy, sexuální obtěžování, gender, sociální interakce, college students, universities and colleges, sexual harassment, social interaction, gender motivated harassment, power, 18, and 316.4/.7
Language:
Czech
Description:
In the article, the authors respond to the main arguments that were voiced during discussions of the results of the project ‘Sexual Harassment in Universities: Incidence and Perception’, which the authors’ team carried out in 2008-2009. They do not aim to defend the research itself, but rather to analyse the dominant discourse on sexual harassment in the Czech environment from a gender perspective. This is because they see a refusal to accept gender as a relevant analytical category. They argue for the fundamental role of gender in the conceptualization of sexual harassment and for further refinement of its significance in gender‑informed definitions of sexual harassment. In the authors’ opinion, these definitions do not sufficiently reflect the current state of gender theories. The main argument of the text concerns the relationship between sexual and gender‑motivated harassment. The gender perspective offers an intrinsically coherent conceptualization of sexual harassment, including its causes and options for handling individual cases. In the article, the authors discuss the extent to which the gender order is a precondition for sexual harassment. This view allows them to think also about the less discussed types of sexual harassment (e.g. homophobic harassment) or to consider the ambivalence of some situations in which sexual harassment occurs (i.e. the dynamics of pleasant and unpleasant feelings, women’s initiative, etc.). At the same time, it reveals that power inequalities do not result only from institutional hierarchies between teachers and students, but also from the logic of the existing gender order., Kateřina Kolářová, Irena Smetáčková, Petr Pavlík., Poznámky na str. 83-85 (23), Biografické poznámky o autorech článku na str. 85, Obsahuje bibliografii, and Resumé o klíčová slova anglicky na str. 75
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

6. Porodní péče a zkušenosti českých žen: kvalitativní studie

Creator:
Ema Hrešanová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
porodníci, porodnictví, rodičky, porodní asistence, zdravotničtí pracovníci, sociální interakce, obstetricians, obstetrics, women in childbed, midwifery, medical personnel, social interaction, ethnographical research, etnografický výzkum, 14, and 618
Language:
Czech
Description:
Focusing on Czech birth care, this article examines the birth experience of 40 women who gave birth in different maternity hospitals during the past seven years. It investigates how these women approached birth care and what ideas they had about it. The article builds on semi ‑structured and narrative interviews with postpartum women, which were conducted within two different research projects. The interviewees differed in many aspects and especially in their general approach to childbirth issues and their interest in the subject. Several key issues emerged out of the thematic analysis of interviews: fear of childbirth, birth care evaluations, priorities and demands, and strategies of their enforcement. These issues are part of a wider concept of birth care, and five different conceptions of birth care were identified in the women’s birth narratives. They reflect different attitudes to the medicalization of birth care, different levels of knowledge and interest in childbirth issues, and different perceptions of their own position in the context of care provision., Ema Hrešanová., Poznámky na str. 74 (3), Biografická poznámka o autorce článku na str. 74, Obsahuje bibliografii, and Resumé o klíčová slova anglicky na str. 63
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

8. Soužití v městské čtvrti: majorita a Vietnamci v Praze-Libuši

Creator:
Sýkora, Luděk, Fiedlerová, Klára, Freidingerová, Tereza, Svobodová, Andrea, and Čermáková, Dita
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
migrant integration, social interaction, conflict, everyday conviviality, and multiethnic neighbourhood
Language:
Czech
Description:
This article contributes to the discussion of everyday interactions between a settled majority population and new immigrants in an urban neighbourhood with recent experience of immigration. It analyses daily interactions between the majority population and Vietnamese immigrants in one Prague neighbourhood in an effort to identify both tensions and conflicts and conviviality in everyday life, while distinguishing between the stereotypes prevalent in popular discourse and in representations of the Vietnamese and the real practices of economic, social, and cultural interaction. The study seeks to identify the issues and places around which tensions emerge and where everyday conviviality is negotiated and the attitudes that various demographic and socio-economic groups of the local population have towards the Vietnamese presence in the area. The Vietnamese seek to avoid conflict, yet they often report feeling they are not very accepted by the majority population. There is a hidden racism that exists in the attitudes of the majority population to Vietnamese immigrants. However, the paper also documents instances of convivial everyday interactions. While the interactions are characterised by a certain lack of mutual recognition, they do not lead to serious interethnic tensions and conflicts.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public