INTRODUCTION: The splenium of the corpus callosum has a specific structure of blood supply with a tendency towards blood-brain barrier breakdown, intramyelinic edema, and damage due to hypoxia or toxins. Signs and symptoms of reversible syndrome of the splenium of the corpus callosum typically include disorientation, confusion, impaired consciousness, and epileptic seizures. CASE REPORT: A previously healthy 32-year-old man suffered from weakness, headache, and fever. Subsequently, he developed apathy, ataxia, and inability to walk, and therefore was admitted to the hospital. Cerebrospinal fluid showed protein elevation (0.9 g/l) and pleocytosis (232/1 ul). A brain MRI showed hyperintense lesions in the middle of the corpus callosum. The patient was treated with antibiotics, and subsequently, in combination with steroids. Two months later, the hyperintense lesions in the splenium and the basal ganglia had disappeared. Almost seven months since his hospitalization in the Department of Neurology, the patient has returned to his previous employment. He now does not exhibit any mental changes, an optic edema and urological problems have improved. In addition, he is now actively engaged in sports. CONCLUSION: We have described a case of a 32-year-old man with confusion, ataxia, and inability to stand and walk. The man developed a febrile meningeal syndrome and a hyperintense lesion of the splenium, which lasted for two months. Neurological changes, optic nerve edema, and urinary retention have resolved over the course of seven months. We think that the prolonged but transient lesion of the splenium may have been caused by encephalitis of viral origin. and A. Meleková, L. Andrlová, P. Král, L. Ungermann, E. Ehler
Diagnostika poruch čichu po úrazech hlavy patří mezi méně časté případy, které jsou lékaři neurologie a otorinolaryngologie nuceni řešit. Odborník ORL musí vyloučit především konduktivní poruchy čichu (synechie dutiny nosní, zánět vedlejších nosních dutin ? VDN), které jsou potenciálně léčitelné konzervativními a chirurgickými postupy. Měl by být stanoven stupeň postižení čichu a případně odhalena simulace. V námi uváděných kazuistikách popisujeme 3 případy poúrazových poruch čichu. První pacient byl léčen pro laterobazální poranění. S měsíčním odstupem od úrazu u něj byla potvrzena porucha čichu subjektivní olfaktometrií. Kontrolní vyšetření čichu provedené za 6 měsíců prokázalo hyposmii a simulace poruchy čichu byla vyloučena. Na základě tohoto vyšetření byl podán návrh na ztížení společenského uplatnění. Druhý pacient se dostavil pro poruchu čichu, kterou dával do souvislosti s prací v chemickém provozu. Po opakovaných dotazech na úraz hlavy a na základě provedených zobrazovacích vyšetření (především magnetické rezonance) byla etiologie poruchy čichu uzavřena jako poúrazová. Třetí kazuistika popisuje vznik anosmie po úrazu hlavy v okcipitální krajině. V článku se zabýváme diagnostikou jednotlivých příčin poruch čichu a vyšetřovacími metodami čichu., Jan Vodička, K. Pokorný, E. Ehler, A. Pellant, and Lit.: 10
Po dva roky trvajících bolestech bederní páteře s narůstajícími klaudikacemi dolních končetin byl u 61leté ženy diagnostikován rozsáhlý tumor v oblasti těla L3 a retroperitonea. Nádor byl totálně odstraněn a provedena náhrada těla L3 a stabilizace. Po operaci přetrvávaly výrazné bolesti, oslabení dolních končetin a instabilita stoje a chůze. Po léčebné rehabilitaci došlo k vymizení bolesti, ústupu nestability i parézy levé dolní končetiny. Vývoj pooperačního stavu dokumentuje stabilometrické vyšetření., After 2-year period of persistent pain of lumbar spine with increasing intensity of lower extremities claudication a vast tumor of L3 vertebra extending to the retroperitoneum was diagnosed in a 61-year old woman. The total L3 vertebrectomy as well as complete tumor removal has been performed and situation was reconstructed and stabilized. Pronounced pain, lower extremities paresis and instability persisted after the surgery. The rehabilitation therapy led to the relief of the pain improvement of standing and gait instability and paresis. The postoperative course is well documented by stabilometry., Michaela Tomanová, Lenka Lhotská, Edvard Ehler, Pavel Barsa, and Literatura
Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is a rare disorder characterized by muscle stiffness and painful spasms. Misdiagnosis may occur due to the fact that the clinical picture of SPS is often atypical. The main pathophysiologic mechanism underlying the development of SPS is insufficient inhibition at the cortical and spinal levels. There is good evidence for a primary autoimmune etiology. A 61-year-old man was admitted to a neurological department due to muscle hypertonia with episodic attacks of painful spasms predominantly affecting axial muscles. The symptoms developed shortly after tickborne meningoencephalitis. Electromyography (EMG) revealed signs of continuous motor unit activity. Antibodies against glutamate decarboxylase (anti-GAD) were highly elevated. We present a case of a man who developed clinically severe anti-GAD positive SPS, provoked by tick-borne encephalitis. After therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) a rapid, temporary improvement of the clinical and neurophysiological findings was noted. Only after being placed on long-term immunosuppression did the patient achieve stable recovery. This case supports the importance of EMG findings and demonstrates the effect of TPE as well as the need for chronic immunosuppression in severe cases of SPS., Edvard Ehler, Jan Latta, Petra Mandysová, Jana Havlasová, Milan Mrklovský, and Literatura 22