BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a serious health issue and one of the world most devastating epidemics. An estimated 1.5 million people died from AIDS-related illnesses in 2013, and an estimated 37 million people with AIDS have died worldwide since the epidemic has begun. HIV infection is known for its oral manifestations which causes discomfort and pain for infected individuals. The objective of this study was to document oral conditions of HIV positive patients and the pattern and frequency of oral and dental lesions. METHODS: All patients with confirmed HIV infection who were treated at the Department of Dentistry, University Hospital in Hradec Králové, were examined. RESULTS: During the study period, 29 HIV positive patients were examined and treated--19 men, 10 women, with mean age of 32.9 years (range 22-58 years). 72.41% patients received ART. In total, all patients underwent 186 visits. The most frequent treatments were associated with teeth and periodontal lesions (71.80%), oral mucosal lesions were diagnosed and treated only in 3.96% cases. CONCLUSION: Since the introduction of ART, the frequency of oral mucosal lesions is minimal in patients with HIV infection. and M. Šembera, V. Radochová, R. Slezák
Vysoce rizikové typy lidských papilomavirů (HR-HPV) jsou kauzálně spojeny s karcinomem děložního hrdla (KDH) a částí dalších malignit. Současně dostupné HPV-vakcíny obsahují antigeny dvou HR HPV – HPV16 a HPV18 zodpovědných v ČR za více než 70% KDH. Cílem studie bylo sledování výskytu znaků HPV-infekce ve vakcinované populaci, detekce předchozí, současné a přetrvávající HPV-infekce a sledování vlivu vakcinace na následnou HPV-infekci a vznik atypických nálezů na děložním hrdle. Zde prezentujeme výsledky prevalence znaků HPV-infekce při vstupu do studie. Celkem jsme nalezli 37,4 % HPV-DNA-pozitivních jedinců, polovinu séropozitivních žen proti některému z testovaných antigenů a téměř čtvrtinu s protilátkami proti typům HPV16/18. Současnou/přetrvávající/předchozí infekci typy HPV16/18 jsme nalezli u 4,7 %/6,7 %/15,4 % žen. Snížením účinnosti vakcín proti HPV16/18 je v naší studii ohroženo 11,4 % sledovaných, s nejvyšším rizikem ve věkové skupině 24–26 let (22,6 %)., High-risk human papillomaviruses (HR HPV) are causally linked to cervical cancer (CC) and some other malignancies. The currently available HPV vaccines contain antigens of two HR HPV types, HPV16 and HPV18 that account for more than 70% of CC in the Czech Republic. The study objective was to monitor the prevalence of HPV infection markers in the vaccinated population, to detect past, present, and persistent HPV infection, and to assess the effect of vaccination on subsequent HPV infection and development of atypical cervical lesions. Here we present the baseline prevalence data on the of HPV infection markers at enrolment. Overall, 37.4% of the study cohort were HPV DNA positive, half of the females were seropositive to at least one of the antigens tested, and nearly one quarter had antibodies against HPV16/18 types. Present/persistent/past infection with HPV16/18 types was detected in 4.7%/6.7%/15.4% of the females, respectively. Altogether 11.4% of the study cohort are at risk for reduced vaccine efficacy against HPV16/18, with the risk being highest in the age group 24–26 years (22.6%)., and Eva Hamšíková, Jana Šmahelová, Viera Ludvíková, Martina Saláková, Jana Rychlá, Jana Skřenková, Lukáš Rob, Ruth Tachezy
INTRODUCTION: Annually more than 27,000 persons die of cancer in the Czech Republic and the overall incidence of malignancies is still increasing. These data shows the need for affordable and good follow-up care especially for patients without any cancer treatment due to irreversible progression of tumor. Currently the outpatient palliative cancer care gets more into the forefront. Prerequisite for a well working outpatient palliative care is cooperation with general practitioners and home health care agencies. The purpose of the so called program of palliative cancer care is to guide a patient in palliative cancer care and to improve the cooperation among health care providers. METHODS: During the period from January 2008 to October 2010 we evaluated in patient without any oncology treatment due to irreversible progression of tumor. RESULTS: In palliative outpatient clinic we treated 446 patients, 119 of them received home care services with average length of 27.8 days. 77 patients died at home, 51 in health facilities and 41 in inpatient hospice care. CONCLUSION: We present pilot study focusing on outpatient palliative cancer care which shows the real benefit from early indication of palliative cancer care. This type of care allows patients to stay as long as possible at home among their close relatives. and I. Slánská, J. Kopecký, S. Filip
Úvod: Observační, prospektivní a neintervenční projekt SOLOSTAR měl za cíl získat informace z klinické praxe v České republice o spokojenosti pacientů s používáním předplněného inzulinového pera SoloStar. Metodika: 1 805 pacientů s diabetem 1. nebo 2. typu bylo po zahájení používání pera SoloStar sledováno 3–4 měsíce. Spokojenost pacientů s perem SoloStar a s jeho jednotlivými parametry byla posuzována ve skupině všech pacientů a v podskupinách rozdělených dle demografických parametrů včetně zdravotního omezení. Pacienti také porovnávali pero SoloStar s pery používanými před vstupem do projektu. Výsledky: 98,3 % pacientů ohodnotilo celkovou spokojenost s perem SoloStar jako „výbornou“ a „dobrou“ (nejlepší a druhé nejlepší hodnocení na 5stupňové škále). Na celkovou spokojenost s perem SoloStar nemělo statisticky významný vliv žádné z demografických kritérií, a to ani zrakový handicap či omezení manuální zručnosti. Parametry pera SoloStar byly u více než 90 % pacientů hodnoceny jako „výborné“ a „dobré“. Lépe byly některé parametry hodnoceny zejména pacienty bez předchozí zkušenosti s aplikací inzulinu. Pacienti, kteří používali jiný typ aplikátoru před zařazením do projektu, byli více spokojeni s perem SoloStar než s předchozím aplikátorem a většina z nich ohodnotila používání pera SoloStar (93,1 %) a aplikaci inzulinu perem SoloStar (83,5 %) v porovnání s původním perem jako „mnohem jednodušší“ a „jednodušší“ (nejlepší a druhé nejlepší hodnocení na 5stupňové škále). Závěr: Používání pera SoloStar je v běžné klinické praxi v České republice spojeno s vysokou spokojeností pacientů, a to včetně pacientů se zdravotním omezením. Pacienti navíc pero SoloStar upřednostňovali před inzulinovými pery používanými před vstupem do projektu. Klíčová slova: diabetes mellitus – inzulinové pero – spokojenost pacientů, Introduction: The aim of the observational, prospective and non-interventional survey SOLOSTAR was to obtain, in a clinical practice setting in the Czech Republic, information about patient satisfaction with the use of the pre-filled insulin pen SoloStar. Methodology: 1 805 patients suffering from type 1 or 2 diabetes who began using the pen SoloStar were observed for 3 to 4 months. Satisfaction of patients with SoloStar and with its particular features was evaluated in the group of all patients and in subgroups defined by demographic parameters including the type of handicap. Patients also compared SoloStar with the pens used before the entry into the survey. Results: 98.3 % of patients rated overall satisfaction with the pen SoloStar as “excellent” and “good” (the highest and second highest rating on a 5-point scale). Demographic criteria, including visual handicap and manual dexterity handicap, did not have any statistically significant effect on the rating of the overall satisfaction with SoloStar. Features of SoloStar were rated as “excellent” and “good” by more than 90% of patients. Higher rating of some of the features of SoloStar was awarded mostly by patients without prior experience with insulin application. Patients who used other insulin applicators before entering into the survey were more satisfied with the pen SoloStar than with the previously used applicator and most of them rated the use of SoloStar (93.1 %) and insulin application with SoloStar (83.5 %) as “much easier” and “easier” (the highest and second highest rating on a 5-point scale) in comparison with the previously used pen. Conclusion: The use of the pen SoloStar in a clinical practice setting in the Czech Republic is associated with high levels of satisfaction of patients, including handicapped patients. In addition, patients preferred SoloStar over insulin pens used before the entry into the survey. Key words: diabetes mellitus – insulin pen – patient satisfaction, and Tomáš Edelsberger, Michal Policar, Dita Pospíšilová, Jana Psottová, Jana Houdová, Denisa Janíčková Žďarská
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal problems among Czech dentists and to analyze the factors that affect these disorders. Information was gathered through questionnaire completed by 581 physicians. The questionnaire ascertained general information about physicians including their work habits and the characteristics of their work environment along with the occurrence of musculoskeletal problems as well as their intensity. In the past year the occurrence of at least mild difficulties associated with the locomotive system was reported by 96.9% of dentists surveyed (n = 557), with 66.3% of respondents (n = 381) reporting difficulties ofa moderate or major nature. Most respondents of both sexes indicated neck pain. A statistically significant correlation with the occurrence of musculoskeletal complaints of medium and major intensity was demonstrated for the following factors: sex, age, running a private practice, past injury or musculoskeletal diseases, and the perception of work as psychologically demanding. Musculoskeletal disorders in dentists in Czech Republic are relatively frequent and serious health problem. The causes of these diseases must be identified and appropriate preventive interventions undertaken that will contribute to a reduction in the incidence of these problems. and Z. Sustová, L. Hodacová, M. Kapitán