Examination of seven specimens of an undescribed species of bamboo shark (Orectolobiformes: Hemiscylliidae), currently referred to as Chiloscyllium sp. 1, from Sri Lanka yielded three new species of 'tetraphyllidean' cestodes, one each in the genera Carpobothrium Shipley et Hornell, 1906, Spiniloculus Southwell, 1925, and Yorkeria Southwell, 1927. Carpobothrium marjorieae Caira, Otto et Jensen sp. n. differs from its three valid congeners in total length, number of testes, and size of the apical sucker of its anterior bothridial flap. Like Carpobothrium eleanorae Koontz et Caira, 2016 it possesses spherical eggs with highly elongate bipolar filaments, but its eggs are conspicuously larger than those of the latter species. Spiniloculus akshayi Caira, Otto et Jensen sp. n. can be distinguished from its five congeners in total length and number of proglottids. Yorkeria sachiniae Caira, Otto et Jensen sp. n. differs from its 16 congeners in number of proglottids and testes, total length, terminal proglottid, cirrus sac, and cephalic peduncle length, hook size, genital pore position, and bothridial shape. The eggs of Y. sachiniae Caira, Otto et Jensen sp. n. are spindle-shaped and bear a single long, polar filament. All three species were found to exhibit microthrix patterns on their scolices like those of the majority of their congeners that have been examined to date with scanning electron microscopy. Microtriches on the distal surfaces of the bothridial pouches of a species of Carpobothrium were characterised for the first time; C. marjorieae Caira, Otto et Jensen sp. n. was found to possess a modified form of gladiate spinithrix on this surface. Among the seven members of the genus, this is the first species of Chiloscyllium Müller et Henle that has been found to host representatives of all three of these 'tetraphyllidean' genera. However, unlike most of its congeners, a representative of the non-hooked genus Scyphophyllidium Woodland, 1927 was not found infecting Chiloscyllium sp. 1.
Three species of Pseudodactylogyrus Gusev, 1965 (Monogenea: Pseudodactylogyridae) were collected from the gills of Anguilla reinhardtii Steindachner and A. australis Richardson from several localities in Australia and eels imported to Japan from Australia. Pseudodactylogyrus gusevi sp. n. from A. reinhardtii (type host) and A. australis in Queensland, Australia is most similar to P. bini (Kikuchi, 1929), but can be differentiated by the shorter male copulatory tube, heavy sclerotisation of the vaginal tube and the presence of a small projection of the supplementary piece of the hamulus. Pseudodactylogyrus rohdei sp. n. from A. australis (type host) in Queensland, Australia is most similar to P. anguillae (Yin et Sproston, 1948), but differs in the possession of a longer cement gland and the presence of a small projection on the supplementary piece of the hamulus. Pseudodactylogyrus bini sensu Gusev, 1965 and P. anguillae sensu Gusev, 1965 are synonymised with P. gusevi sp. n. and P. rohdei sp. n., respectively. Pseudodactylogyrus mundayi sp. n. from A. australis, originating in Tasmania, Australia and sent alive to Japan, is most similar to P. kamegaii Iwashita, Hirata et Ogawa, 2002, from which it can be discriminated by the shorter male copulatory tube and the shorter vaginal tube. Dactylogyrus bialatus Wu, Wang et Jian, 1988 from Synechogobius ommaturus (Richardson) (Gobiidae) is transferred to Pseudodactylogyrus as P. bialatus comb. n. A phylogenetic tree based on the ITS2 region of six species of Pseudodactylogyrus including P. gusevi and P. mundayi shows that P. haze from a goby diverged first, and that species from eels are monophyletic, forming three lineages differing by their zoogeographical distribution. With the three new species and one new combination proposed in this paper, Pseudodactylogyrus is now comprised of eight species infecting anguillid and gobiid fish, and a key to species is presented., Kazuo Ogawa, Makoto Iwashita, Craig J. Hayward, Akira Kurashima., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The tubenose goby has been reported to be the first non-native postglacial gobiid immigrant from the Lower Danube refuges. It is thus a pioneer species that was the forerunner of the extensive invasion of Ponto-Caspian gobies that ascended the River Danube and spread across Europe a century before other goby species. It appears that recently the tubenose goby invasion has accelerated. In this paper historical data on the distribution of the tubenose goby, together with data from extensive monitoring of fish communities in Slovakia are examined to evaluate both the temporal and spatial aspects of tubenose goby distribution dynamics. Until the 1990s, the species was recorded only in the River Danube and small water bodies in the Danubian Lowland (Slovakia). Since then the tubenose goby has spread upstream into tributaries of the River Danube. It was also recorded in several streams in eastern Slovakia after 2014, and the spatial data demonstrate that the tubenose goby has been colonising new water bodies, progressing to the north and ascending rivers, reaching higher altitudes than previously reported. These findings suggest that the tubenose goby deserves attention, even after two centuries following the onset of its invasion, and its further expansion across Europe should be carefully monitored.
Tanichthys albiventris, new species, from the River Jiangping in Dongxing City, Guangxi Province is distinguished from Tanichthys albonubes by the presence of a reddish-orange dorsal-fin margin (vs. white) and 9-10 (9 in mode) branched anal-fin rays (vs. 8 in mode). Tanichthys flavianalis, new species, from the River Jiuqu in Qionghai City, Hainan Province is distinguished from T. albiventris and T. albonubes by the presence of a golden anal-fin margin (vs. white) and 7 (rarely 6) branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. 6 in mode). In T. albiventris, T. albonubes, and T. flavianalis the black lateral stripe is located on the dorsal half of the flank, distinguishing them from Tanichthys kuehnei and Tanichthys micagemmae, in which it is mid-lateral. Tanichthys thabacensis is different from all other species of Tanichthys in the shape of the mouth and insertion of the anal fin; it is tentatively referred to as Aphyocypris.
Our aim was to determine biogeographical patterns in the food habits of golden jackals by first reviewing their dietary patterns at the continental scale and then analysing associations between the food items in their diets and geographical, regional productivity and land-use variables, using multivariate analyses. Our findings indicated that jackals generally consume small mammals as a staple food but shift to consume plant materials or the carcasses of larger mammals when food resources are scarce owing to changes in the regional climate and productivity, as well as anthropogenic habitat modifications. Disruption of natural food resources (specifically small mammals) due to anthropogenic landscape modifications provokes dietary shifts in golden jackals, potentially increasing their reliance on anthropogenic resources. Consequently, conservation of their habitat in combination with waste management to decrease the accessibility to anthropogenic resources is required to resolve human-jackal conflicts.
Objectives. The study aimed to explore which barriers adult people perceive when deciding whether to enter psychotherapy and how these barriers influence their decision to start psycho-therapy.Sample and setting. The sample consisted of 392 adult respondents who considered entering individual psychotherapy during the last five years. They completed a questionnaire on per-ceived barriers to entering psychotherapy, the phase of decision-making, and the severity of psychological symptoms.Hypotheses. This was an exploratory study with the following questions: a) What is the per-ceived importance of specific barriers to enter-ing psychotherapy? b) What groups (principal components) of barriers to entering psychother-apy can be identified? c) What is the relationship between the perceived importance of barriers and the decision to enter psychotherapy?Statistical analysis. The number of barriers was reduced using PCA. The relationship of the decision-making phase to other variables was explored via multinomial regression analysis.Results. The most severe barrier to entering psychotherapy were price, reluctance to express emotions in front of others and the assumption that one’s problems were not as severe as the problems of people in psychotherapy. Respond-ents who decided not to enter psychotherapy were older, expressed more distrust of psycho-therapy, and perceived it as more stigmatizing than those who contacted a therapist. Respond-ents who decided to enter psychotherapy (but who had not contacted a therapist) had less se-vere symptoms and perceived psychotherapy as more stigmatizing than those who contacted a therapist. Study limitations. Limits of the study include a non-representative sample and the time window used for the retrospective rating of symptoms and barriers. and Cíl. Cílem studie bylo prozkoumat, jaké překáž-ky dospělí lidé vnímají při rozhodování o vstu-pu do psychoterapie a jak tyto překážky souvisí s rozhodnutím psychoterapii zahájit.Soubor a metoda. Výzkumný soubor tvořilo 392 dospělých respondentů, kteří během posledních pěti let zvažovali zahájení individuální psycho-terapie. Respondenti vyplnili dotazník zaměře-ný na vnímané překážky vstupu do psychotera-pie, fázi rozhodování vstoupit do psychoterapie a intenzitu potíží. Hypotézy. Studie měla explorační charakter, za-měřila se na následující otázky: a) Jak vnímají lidé závažnost jednotlivých překážek vstupu do psychoterapie? b) Jaké skupiny (hlavní kom-ponenty) překážek pro vstup do psychoterapie můžeme identifikovat? c) Jak souvisí závažnost vnímaných překážek s rozhodnutím vstoupit do psychoterapie?Statistická analýza. Množství překážek autoři nejprve redukovali pomocí analýzy hlavních komponent. Souvislost fáze rozhodování o vstu-pu do psychoterapie s dalšími proměnnými byla ověřována pomocí multinomiální regresní ana-lýzy. Výsledky. Jako nejzávažnější překážka byla vní-mána cena psychoterapie, následovaly zábrany v odhalování emocí před ostatními a pocit, že vlastní potíže nejsou tak závažné jako potíže lidí navštěvujících psychoterapii. Respondenti, kteří zavrhli vstup do psychoterapie, byli starší, vyja-dřovali větší nedůvěru k psychoterapii a vnímali ji jako více stigmatizující než ti, kdo kontakto-vali terapeuta. Účastníci, kteří vstup do terapie zvažovali (ale terapeuta nekontaktovali), vyka-zovali nižší míru potíží a vnímali psychoterapii jako více stigmatizující než ti, kdo kontaktovali terapeuta.Omezení studie. Limity studie jsou nereprezen-tativnost výzkumného souboru a využití delšího časového rozmezí pro retrospektivní hodnocení úrovně potíží a významnosti překážek.
The article focuses on the issue of the involvement of ethics committees in permitting biomedical research. First, the article focuses on the general regulation of ethics committees within biomedical research. Subsequently, it construes the regulation of the involvement and functioning of ethics committees for specific types of biomedical research. In the final part, the consequences of fragmentation and inadequacy of legislation are discussed and the possible solutions are outlined. and Článek je zaměřen na problematiku zapojení etických komisí do procesu povolování biomedicínského výzkumu. Nejprve se článek věnuje obecné regulaci etických komisí v rámci biomedicínského výzkumu, poté je rozebrána úprava zapojení a fungování etických komisí pro konkrétní druhy biomedicínského výzkumu. V závěrečné části se článek věnuje důsledkům roztříštěnosti a nedostatečnosti právní úpravy a nastínění možného řešení.