Výzkumná studie je zaměřena na prožívání životní naplněnosti a existenciálního zakotvení u souboru vysokoškolských studentů, budoucích učitelů (n = 346, z toho 294 žen) ve věku 19–27 let. Data z Logo-testu a NEO pětifaktorového osobnostního inventáře byla podrobena analýze v kontextu vybraných osobnostních rysů. Výsledky přesvědčivě prokazují dostatečně smysluplný a existenciálně zakotvený život u většiny našich respondentů (95,6 %), pouze výrazná menšina (4,4 %) vykazuje existenciální frustraci. Zjištěny byly intersexuální diference a významná pozitivní vazba mezi mírou prožívaného životního smyslu a osobnostních rysů extraverze, přívětivosti, otevřenosti vůči zkušenosti a svědomitosti. Negativní korelace se projevila ve vztahu subjektivního prožívání smyslu a osobnostní charakteristiky neuroticismus. and This research study focuses on the experiencing of fulfilment in life and existential grounding in a group of university students who were future teachers (n = 346, of whom 294 were women) aged 19-27 years. The data from the Logo-Test and the NEO five-factor personality inventory was analysed in the context of selected personality traits. The results convincingly show a sufficiently meaningful and existentially rooted life in the majority of our respondents (95.6% of the respondents), with only a significant minority (4.4%) displaying existential frustration. Differences between the sexes and a significant positive link between the degree of lived meaning and the personality traits of extraversion, friendliness, openness to experience, and conscientiousness were found. A negative correlation manifested itself in the relationship between the subjective experience of meaning and the personality characteristics of neuroticism.
Pyroptosis is a form of cell death associated with inflammation. In the maintenance of airway homeostasis, pyroptosis goes through activation and assembly of Inflammasome. The pyroptosis pathway is mediated by caspase which activates the pore-forming effect of substrate gasdermin family members. It eventually leads to lysis and release of the cell contents and then induces an inflammatory response. In this process, it participates in airway homeostasis regulation by affecting airway immunity, airway epithelial structure and airway microbiota. Therefore, we discussed the correlation between airway immunity, airway epithelial structure, airway microbiota and the mechanism of pyroptosis to describe the role of pyroptosis in airway homeostasis regulation which is of great significance for understanding the occurrence and treatment of airway inflammatory diseases
The general status of lampreys (family Petromyzontidae) in Bosnia and Herzegovina was reviewed to determine the species composition and geographical distribution of this group in the region. This paper reviews the available literature to provide a critical analysis of the current status of lamprey species. According to the available data, their status can be considered as indeterminate, largely due to limited published records. While eight species are recorded as present in the region (Eudontomyzon danfordi, E. mariae, E. vladykovi, Lampetra fluviatilis, L. planeri, L. soljani, Lethenteron zanandreai, Petromyzon marinus), only three species (E. vladykovi, L. soljani, P. marinus) are confirmed to occur. Their distribution is recorded in waters of both the Danube and the Adriatic Sea catchments. Given the deficiencies in our understanding of the taxonomic status of some populations and knowledge of the geographical distribution of lampreys inhabiting both catchments, research focused on improving understanding of the phylogenetic, morphological and phenotypic traits of lampreys in Bosnia and Herzegovina is warranted to resolve these uncertainties. Problems related to threats and conservation, and future perspectives for protective management strategies are discussed. This paper provides the context for future biodiversity conservation and management with regard to lamprey species in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Despite the global distribution of the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) sensu lato (s.l.), limited information exists about their identity from the Arabian Peninsula. Ticks from free roaming urban dogs and dromedary camels in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were morphologically identified, confirmed with scanning electron microscopy and characterised at mitochondrial DNA (cox1, 12S rDNA and 16S rDNA). A total of 186 ticks were collected from 65 free roaming dogs (n = 73) and 84 dromedary camels (n = 113). Morphologically, 5.9% (11/186) were R. sanguineus s.l. and Hyalomma spp. (93.5%, 174/186). From within R. sanguineus s.l., the presence of Rhipicephalus cf. camicasi Morel, Mouchet et Rodhain, 1976 (1 dog, 2 camels) and Rhipicephalus turanicus Pomerantsev, 1936 (1 camel) is reported. The examined R. cf. camicasi form a sister group to R. sanguineus s.l. tropical lineage at all DNA markers. Dogs were parasitised by Hyalomma dromedarii Koch, 1844 (n = 59), Hyalomma impeltatum Schulze et Schlottke, 1930 (n = 1), Hyalomma excavatum Koch, 1844 (n = 2), Hyalomma turanicum Pomerantsev, 1946 (n = 1) and Hyalomma rufipes Koch,1844 (n = 1). DNA from dog blood (n = 53) from Riyadh confirmed a low prevalence of canine vector-borne pathogens that does not exceed 5.7% for Babesia spp., Mycoplasma spp., Anaplasma platys, Hepatozoon canis and Ehrlichia canis using multiplexed tandem PCR (MT-PCR) and diagnostic PCR. Low prevalence of R. sanguineus s.l. on dogs likely contributed to the low level of canine vector-borne pathogens in Saudi Arabia. We demonstrate that dogs in the central Arabian Peninsula are more commonly parasitised by Hyalomma spp. than R. sanguineus s.l., Shona Chandra, Karen Smith, Abdullah D. Alanazi, Mohamed S. Alyousif, David Emery, Jan Šlapeta., and Obsahuje bibliografii
This study is focused on the snowmelt runoff simulations for the upper Hron basin using dte degree-day approach of the SRM model. Our effort was directed at the determination and selection of input data and model parameters using GIS tools. The aim of this paper was to simulate the snowmelt runoff using only regularly measured data, without their special pre-processing. Comparison between measured and computed runoff indicates that the SRM model could be used for the snowmelt runoff simulation for the upper Hron basin. Results for the smaller upper Telgart subbasin were not so acceptable, because of lack of representative input data, which is essential for the determination of the snow depletion curve. and Práca je venovaná simulácii odtoku zo snehu pre povodie horného Hrona s využitím modelu odtoku zo snehu - SRM. Hlavným cieľom práce bolo posúdiť a otestovať možnosti výberu a určenia vstupných údajov a kalibrácie parametrov do modelu SRM s využitím dát pravidelne meraných v sieti meteorologických staníc. Z výsledkov vyplýva, že SRM veľmi dobre simuluje prietok pre povodie horného Hrona ako celku. Simulácia pre povodie horného Hrona rozdeleného na dve výškové zóny, a najmä pre čiastkové povodie Hrona po Telgárt, nedosiahla akceptovateľné výsledky. Tento fakt spôsobili najmä nedostatečné vstupné údaje. Kritickým sa ukázali najmä vstupné informácie o priestorovom rozložení snehovej pokrývky.
The nematode superfamily Dracunculoidea includes 166 recognized species, of which 150 (90%) are parasitic in about 300 species of freshwater, brackish-water and marine fishes. Fish dracunculoids are placed in 31 genera (86% of all dracunculoid genera) belonging to eight of the nine dracunculoid families: Anguillicolidae, Daniconematidae, Guyanemidae, Lucionematidae, Micropleuridae, Philometridae, Skrjabillanidae, and Tetanonematidae; the genus Lockenloia is considered incertae sedis. Because of difficulties in studying fish dracunculoids, associated with their morphological and biological peculiarities, most species of these largely histozoic parasites are poorly known and males of the majority of species and of eight genera have not yet been discovered. It is apparent that the present classification system of dracunculoids as a whole does not reflect phylogenetic relationships and a taxonomic revision of this nematode group, based on detailed morphological (including SEM and TEM), life history and molecular studies of individual species, is quite necessary. Data on the biology of fish dracunculoids is scarce. In known cases, their life cycles involve copepods, ostracods or branchiurids as intermediate hosts and, sometimes, fish paratenic hosts are known to occur in dracunculoid species parasitizing as adults piscivorous definitive hosts. However, nothing is known about the life cycles of representatives of 20 genera. Some species of dracunculoids, particularly of philometrids, are highly pathogenic and are known as agents of serious fish diseases. During recent years, especially the importance of Philometra spp. parasitizing the gonads of many species of marine fishes has increased due in particular to the rapid development of marine aquaculture, because they may significantly decrease fish reproduction or even cause full parasitic castration. Therefore, further detailed studies on fish dracunculoids are significant not only from the theoretical viewpoint, but they may also have practical implications.
eory of fictional worlds has been proven a useful tool in modern narrativesemantics. Based on the theory of communication, and thus being able to reflectthe creation as well as the reception of literary works, the semantics of fictionalworlds may be considered an important tool of inquiry into literary history.Nevertheless, its validity and usefulness for literary historical discourse has not yetbeen deeply explored. One of the most challenging tasks of literary history remainsthe demarcation of literariness, which is connected with language and aestheticfunction of the literary artwork in the structuralist discourse. e introductionof the notion of fictionality may be considered a third possible criterion. us,by employing those classical terms, the study tries to examine how the fictionalworlds semantics meets the specific preconditions and needs of literary historicalinvestigation.
Examination of seven specimens of an undescribed species of bamboo shark (Orectolobiformes: Hemiscylliidae), currently referred to as Chiloscyllium sp. 1, from Sri Lanka yielded three new species of 'tetraphyllidean' cestodes, one each in the genera Carpobothrium Shipley et Hornell, 1906, Spiniloculus Southwell, 1925, and Yorkeria Southwell, 1927. Carpobothrium marjorieae Caira, Otto et Jensen sp. n. differs from its three valid congeners in total length, number of testes, and size of the apical sucker of its anterior bothridial flap. Like Carpobothrium eleanorae Koontz et Caira, 2016 it possesses spherical eggs with highly elongate bipolar filaments, but its eggs are conspicuously larger than those of the latter species. Spiniloculus akshayi Caira, Otto et Jensen sp. n. can be distinguished from its five congeners in total length and number of proglottids. Yorkeria sachiniae Caira, Otto et Jensen sp. n. differs from its 16 congeners in number of proglottids and testes, total length, terminal proglottid, cirrus sac, and cephalic peduncle length, hook size, genital pore position, and bothridial shape. The eggs of Y. sachiniae Caira, Otto et Jensen sp. n. are spindle-shaped and bear a single long, polar filament. All three species were found to exhibit microthrix patterns on their scolices like those of the majority of their congeners that have been examined to date with scanning electron microscopy. Microtriches on the distal surfaces of the bothridial pouches of a species of Carpobothrium were characterised for the first time; C. marjorieae Caira, Otto et Jensen sp. n. was found to possess a modified form of gladiate spinithrix on this surface. Among the seven members of the genus, this is the first species of Chiloscyllium Müller et Henle that has been found to host representatives of all three of these 'tetraphyllidean' genera. However, unlike most of its congeners, a representative of the non-hooked genus Scyphophyllidium Woodland, 1927 was not found infecting Chiloscyllium sp. 1.
Three species of Pseudodactylogyrus Gusev, 1965 (Monogenea: Pseudodactylogyridae) were collected from the gills of Anguilla reinhardtii Steindachner and A. australis Richardson from several localities in Australia and eels imported to Japan from Australia. Pseudodactylogyrus gusevi sp. n. from A. reinhardtii (type host) and A. australis in Queensland, Australia is most similar to P. bini (Kikuchi, 1929), but can be differentiated by the shorter male copulatory tube, heavy sclerotisation of the vaginal tube and the presence of a small projection of the supplementary piece of the hamulus. Pseudodactylogyrus rohdei sp. n. from A. australis (type host) in Queensland, Australia is most similar to P. anguillae (Yin et Sproston, 1948), but differs in the possession of a longer cement gland and the presence of a small projection on the supplementary piece of the hamulus. Pseudodactylogyrus bini sensu Gusev, 1965 and P. anguillae sensu Gusev, 1965 are synonymised with P. gusevi sp. n. and P. rohdei sp. n., respectively. Pseudodactylogyrus mundayi sp. n. from A. australis, originating in Tasmania, Australia and sent alive to Japan, is most similar to P. kamegaii Iwashita, Hirata et Ogawa, 2002, from which it can be discriminated by the shorter male copulatory tube and the shorter vaginal tube. Dactylogyrus bialatus Wu, Wang et Jian, 1988 from Synechogobius ommaturus (Richardson) (Gobiidae) is transferred to Pseudodactylogyrus as P. bialatus comb. n. A phylogenetic tree based on the ITS2 region of six species of Pseudodactylogyrus including P. gusevi and P. mundayi shows that P. haze from a goby diverged first, and that species from eels are monophyletic, forming three lineages differing by their zoogeographical distribution. With the three new species and one new combination proposed in this paper, Pseudodactylogyrus is now comprised of eight species infecting anguillid and gobiid fish, and a key to species is presented., Kazuo Ogawa, Makoto Iwashita, Craig J. Hayward, Akira Kurashima., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The tubenose goby has been reported to be the first non-native postglacial gobiid immigrant from the Lower Danube refuges. It is thus a pioneer species that was the forerunner of the extensive invasion of Ponto-Caspian gobies that ascended the River Danube and spread across Europe a century before other goby species. It appears that recently the tubenose goby invasion has accelerated. In this paper historical data on the distribution of the tubenose goby, together with data from extensive monitoring of fish communities in Slovakia are examined to evaluate both the temporal and spatial aspects of tubenose goby distribution dynamics. Until the 1990s, the species was recorded only in the River Danube and small water bodies in the Danubian Lowland (Slovakia). Since then the tubenose goby has spread upstream into tributaries of the River Danube. It was also recorded in several streams in eastern Slovakia after 2014, and the spatial data demonstrate that the tubenose goby has been colonising new water bodies, progressing to the north and ascending rivers, reaching higher altitudes than previously reported. These findings suggest that the tubenose goby deserves attention, even after two centuries following the onset of its invasion, and its further expansion across Europe should be carefully monitored.