Identification of factors that facilitate successful completion of invasion process stages by nonnative species is a major priority among invasion biologists. Stage-based analyses of non-native fish species traits have been conducted for several regions, but not for a subtropical non-native species hotspot like peninsular Florida. Typically, establishment is the first stage of analysis but Florida is home to many nonnative fish species that have successfully reproduced, yet failed to establish. Therefore, we used life history traits and three model types (categorical and regression trees, logistic regression, and discriminant analysis) to predict successful reproduction and establishment by non-native fishes in peninsular Florida. Statistical models for predicting both successful reproduction and establishment suggested parental care was the most important variable, but other traits included in the best models differ between the two stages. The high level of parental care in successful non-native fishes of Florida is unique among non-native freshwater fish faunas across the United States. Other studies also found that suites of traits used to predict various stages of the invasion process differ, suggesting that stage-based analyses provide a good foundation for better understanding invasion processes. Our results may be applied to stage-based risk screening tools for nonnative fishes in Florida.
Livestock guarding dogs (LGDs) are used across the world to reduce livestock depredation by free-ranging predatory wildlife. In doing so, they reduce the need for lethal predator control and are considered beneficial for conservation. However, LGDs might be perceived as predators by wildlife and induce a multitude of both positive and negative ecological effects. We conducted a literature review to evaluate the ecological effects of LGDs and found 56 publications reporting LGDs interacting with or affecting wildlife. Featuring in 77% of the publications, LGDs were widely reported to chase and kill wildlife, leading to species-specific behavioural responses. A total of 80 species were affected by LGDs, 11 of which are listed as Near Threatened or higher on the IUCN Red List. Of the affected species, 78% were non-target species, suggesting that any benefits arising from the use of LGDs likely occur simultaneously with unintended ecological effects. However, the frequency of LGD-wildlife interactions and the magnitude of any resulting ecological effects have rarely been quantified. Therefore, more empirical studies are needed to determine the net ecological outcome of LGD use, thereby ensuring that negative outcomes are minimised, while benefiting both farmers and wildlife.
a1_During a recent parasitological survey of elasmobranchs along the coast of Argentina, two new species of eutetrarhynchid cestodes of the genera Dollfusiella Campbell et Beveridge, 1994 and Mecistobothrium Heinz et Dailey, 1974 were collected from batoids. Dollfusiella acuta sp. n. was found in four arhynchobatid skates, i.e. Sympterygia acuta Garman (type host), Sympterygia bonapartii Müller et Henle, Atlantoraja castelnaui (Miranda Ribeiro) and Atlantoraja platana (Günther), and Mecistobothrium oblongum sp. n. in the eagle ray Myliobatis goodei Garman. Dollfusiella acuta sp. n. has a tentacular armature consisting of basal rows of uncinate hooks, a distinct basal swelling with uncinate, falcate and bill hooks, and a heteroacanthous metabasal armature with heteromorphous hooks (bothrial uncinate hooks and antibothrial falcate hooks), hooks 1(1') not separated, testes in two columns and an internal seminal vesicle. The tentacular armature of M. oblongum sp. n. is characterised by basal rows of uncinate hooks, a basal swelling with uncinate and falcate hooks, a typical heteroacanthous metabasal armature with heteromorphous hooks (uncinate and falcate to spiniform), and hooks 1(1') separated and of a constant size along the tentacle. It also possesses an elongate scolex, numerous testes arranged in 5-6 irregular columns, and an internal seminal vesicle. The discovery of M. oblongum in M. goodei represents the first record of species of Mecistobothrium in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. An amended description of Dollfusiella cortezensis (Friggens et Duszynski, 2005) is also provided to clarify details of the scolex and tentacular armature. Members of Dollfusiella in the southwestern Atlantic are specific to a single host species or to a particular host family, while M. oblongum was found in a single host species., a2_Although globally some plerocerci of eutetrarhynchids have been found in teleosts, extensive examination of teleosts off the coast of Argentina suggests that the transmission pathways of these species are exclusively based on invertebrates as intermediate or paratenic hosts., Adriana Menoret, Verónica A. Ivanov., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rhodeus cyanorostris sp. nov. and R. nigrodorsalis sp. nov. are described from two tributaries of the River Yangtze, in Sichuan and Jiangxi Provinces, China, respectively. Both species have a small number of branched dorsal-fin rays (both with a mode of 8) and anal-fin rays (mode of 7-8 and 8, respectively), which makes them easily distinguished from all congeners. Rhodeus cyanorostris sp. nov. differs from R. nigrodorsalis sp. nov. in having more predorsal scales (14-16 vs. 12-13), fewer pectoral-fin rays (10-11 vs. 12), a shorter major axis of the eggs (2.5-2.8 mm vs. mostly 3.3-3.5 mm), absence of two rows of light spots on the dorsal-fin rays (vs. presence), and absence of a black blotch on the dorsal fin in adult males (vs. presence). The breeding season in winter of the two new species is unique among the Acheilognathinae.
Cíl. Cílem této studie bylo prozkoumat využívání psychoterapeutických technik u českých psychoterapeutů a také souvislost mezi využíváním různých technik a proměnnými vztahujícími se k osobě terapeuta a jeho praxi. Vzorek. Vzorek tvořilo N = 373 českých psychoterapeutů reprezentujících různou délku praxe, různé terapeutické přístupy i kontext, v němž psychoterapeutické služby poskytují. Metoda. Data byla získávána pomocí online dotazníku. Výsledky. Analýza hlavních komponent identifikovala šest komponent (psychodynamické, systemické, humanistické, kognitivně-behaviorální, psychoedukační a neverbální/na tělo zaměřené techniky) a regresní analýza následně prokázala jejich vztah s pohlavím, délkou praxe a pracovní zátěží terapeutů. Klastrová analýza nakonec odhalila sedm různých profilů terapeutů podle využívání jednotlivých komponent. Výsledky naznačují velkou variabilitu v používání terapeutických technik, která překračuje hranice jednotlivých terapeutických přístupů. Limity. Seznam technik byl omezený, studie byla založena na sebeposouzení, postup tvorby vzorku neumožnil stanovit návratnost. and Objectives. The aim of this study was to explore the use of psychotherapeutic techniques in Czech psychotherapists and the relationship between the use of different techniques and variables related to the therapists and their practice. Sample. The sample consisted of N = 373 Czech psychotherapists who represented different lengths of practice, various theoretical orientations, and contexts in which they provided psychotherapy. Method. The data was collected via an online questionnaire. Results. Six components were identified using principal component analysis (psychodynamic, systemic, humanistic, cognitive-behavioral, psycho-educational and nonverbal/body-oriented techniques) and subsequent regression analysis revealed their relationship to therapists’ gender, length of practice and workload. Finally, cluster analysis identified seven different therapists’ profiles based on the use of the technique components. The results suggest great variability in the use of therapeutic techniques which extends beyond the boundaries of theoretical orientations. Limitations. The list of techniques was limited, the study was based on self-report, and the sampling method did not allow us to report the response rate.