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32. Observations on non-random distribution of spores of Henneguya spp. (Cnidaria: Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) within plasmodia

Creator:
Eiras, Jorge C. , Cruz, Manuel , Cruz, Cristina , Saraiva, Aurélia , Adriano, Edson A., Székely, Csaba , and Molnár, Kálmán
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Myxozoa, fish, parasites, spores arrangement, and motility
Language:
English
Description:
Species of the cnidarian genus Henneguya Thélohan, 1892 (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) are histozoic parasites commonly found in freshwater and, more rarely, in marine fish. The development of these parasites in fish tissues includes the formation of plasmodia within which occurs the sporogony originating spores with two caudal processes, which are usually randomly distributed within the plasmodia. In this report the authors present some cases of non-random distribution of the spores of six species of Henneguya within their plasmodia. Two different patterns of non-random distribution were found based on a literature survey. These patterns and their origin are discussed. Apparently this non-random distribution of the spores is due to both internal and external factors.
Rights:
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33. Passive sinking into the snow as possible survival strategy during the off-host stage in an insect ectoparasite

Creator:
Kaunisto, Sirpa, Ylönen, Hannu, and Kortet, Raine
Format:
electronic, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
klošovití, jelenovití, nízké teploty, morfologie (biologie), kukly (zoologie), Hippoboscidae, Cervidae, low temperatures, morphology (biology), pupas, ectoparasite, invasive species, predation, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Abiotic and biotic factors determine success or failure of individual organisms, populations and species. The early life stages are often the most vulnerable to heavy mortality due to environmental conditions. The deer ked (Lipoptena cervi Linnaeus, 1758) is an invasive insect ectoparasite of cervids that spends an important period of the life cycle outside host as immobile pupa. During winter, dark-coloured pupae drop off the host onto the snow, where they are exposed to environmental temperature variation and predation as long as the new snowfall provides shelter against these mortality factors. The other possible option is to passively sink into the snow, which is aided by morphology of pupae. Here, we experimentally studied passive snow sinking capacity of pupae of L. cervi. We show that pupae have a notable passive snow sinking capacity, which is the most likely explained by pupal morphology enabling solar energy absorption and pupal weight. The present results can be used when planning future studies and when evaluating possible predation risk and overall survival of this invasive ectoparasite species in changing environmental conditions., Sirpa Kaunisto, Hannu Ylönen, Raine Kortet., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
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34. Phylogenetic analysis of Trypanosomatina (Protozoa: Kinetoplastida) based on minicircle conserved regions

Creator:
Yurchenko, Vyacheslav, Kolesnikov, Alexander A., and Lukeš, Julius
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Subject:
Kinetoplastida, Trypanosomatidae, minicircle, kinetoplast DNA, and molecular phylogeny
Language:
English
Description:
Phylogenetic relationships within the suborder Trypanosomatina were inferred from the kinetoplast DNA minicircle conserved region sequences. Trees built using distancc-matrix (Neighbor-Joining) and maximum parsimony methods showed that the minicircle conserved regions (CRs) provide a sensitive and specific molecular marker suitable for phylogenetic analyses of subspecies and strains of trypanosomalid flagellates, as testified by the subdivision of the genus Leishmania into the subgenera Leishmania, Viannia and Sauroleishmania. However, since Phytomonas and monogenetic parasites of insects represent the earliest diverging groups, the CRs do not seem to be useful for inference of relationships among major lineages of the order Kinetoplastida.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

35. Presence of potential pathogenic genotypes of free-living amoebae isolated from sandboxes in children's playgrounds

Creator:
Cholewiński, Marcin, Solarczyk, Piotr, Derda, Monika, Wojtkowiak-Giera, Agnieszka, and Hadaś, Edward
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
genotyp, parazitické organismy, genotype, parasitic organisms, genotyping, Acanthamoeba, parasites, molecular study, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Some free-living amoebae are a potential threat to human health. The best known species are those of the genus Acanthamoeba Volkonsky, 1931, which cause Acanthamoeba keratitis, granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and other forms of tissue inflammation. The aim of the present study was to search for potential pathogenic genotypes of free-living amoeba in the sand in children's playgrounds. Our results confirmed that free-living amoebae were present in all examined playgrounds. Sequences of the 18S rDNA have shown that all isolated potentially pathogenic strains of amoebae belong to genotype T4 of Acanthamoeba. The potential pathogenicity of isolates was confirmed on mice. The presence of pathogenic amoebae in the examined sand may be a potential source of human infection., Marcin Cholewiński, Piotr Solarczyk, Monika Derda, Agnieszka Wojtkowiak-Giera, Edward Hadaś., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
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36. Prevalence and molecular typing of Giardia duodenalis in wildlife from eastern Poland

Creator:
Stojecki, Krzysztof, Sroka, Jacek, Cacciò, Simone M, Cencek, Tomasz, Dutkiewicz, Jacek, and Kusyk, Paweł
Format:
electronic, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
parazitičtí prvoci, divoká zvířata, parasitic protozoa, wild animals, parasitic protists, faecal samples, zoonotic transmission, Direct Fluorescence Assay, PCR, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Faecal samples from 162 wild animals were collected from 32 distinct sites of Łęczyńsko-Włodawskie Lakeland (eastern Poland). The presence of Giardia duodenalis (Stiles, 1902) was assessed by a Direct Fluorescence Assay (DFA) and by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing of a fragment of the beta-giardin gene. DFA showed the presence of cysts of G. duodenalis in 12 of 162 faecal samples (7%), namely in four wild boars (15%), four foxes (19%), two roe deer (4%), and two wolves (29%). PCR identified 34 of the 162 (21%) samples as positive, including 11 wild boars (41%), five red deer (18%), 11 roe deer (23%), four moose (17%), two wolves (29%) and a single sample from the European badger. Thus, PCR detected a significantly higher number of infection than DFA (P = 0.0005). However, 14 of 34 PCR products could not be sequenced because of their insufficient amount; the low number of cysts, poor conservation of the faeces or presence of PCR inhibitors may have contributed to weak DNA amplification. Sequence analysis of the remaining 20 products showed the presence of assemblage B in wild boars, red deer and roe deer, whereas samples from wolves were identified as assemblage D. This is the first detection of assemblage B in wild boars and deer. As assemblage B has zoonotic potential, wild animals from eastern Poland may act as reservoirs of cysts of G. duodenalis infectious for humans., Krzysztof Stojecki, Jacek Sroka, Simone M. Cacciò, Tomasz Cencek, Jacek Dutkiewicz, Paweł Kusyk., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
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37. Revised classification of the subfamily Leishmaniinae (Trypanosomatidae)

Creator:
Kostygov, Alexei Y and Yurchenko, Vyacheslav
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
parazitologie, parasitology, taxonomy, new genera, new infrafamilies, Paraleishmania, Borovskyia, Leishmaniatae, Crithidiatae, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
In the present study, we critically revised the recently proposed classification of the subfamily Leishmaniinae Maslov et Lukeš in Jirků et al., 2012. Agreeing with erection of the genus Zelonia Shaw, Camargo et Teixeira in Espinosa et al., 2017 and the subgenus Mundinia Shaw, Camargo et Teixeira in Espinosa et al., 2017 within the genus Leishmania Ross, 1908, we argue that other changes are not well justified. We propose to: (i) raise Paraleishmania Cupolillo, Medina-Acosta, Noyes, Momen et Grimaldi, 2000 to generic rank; (ii) create a new genus Borovskyia gen. n. to accommodate the former Leptomonas barvae Maslov et Lukeš, 2010 as its type and only species; (iii) leave the subfamily Leishmaniinae as originally defined, but establish two infrafamilies within it: Leishmaniatae infrafam. n. and Crithidiatae infrafam. n., Alexei Y. Kostygov, Vyacheslav Yurchenko., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
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39. Seroprevalence and risk factors of infections with Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in hunting dogs from Campania region, southern Italy

Creator:
Machačová, Tereza, Eva Bártová, Kamil Sedlák, Slezáková, Radka, Marie Budíková, Piantedosi, Diego, and Veneziano, Vincenzo
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
toxoplazmóza, vlci, toxoplasmosis, wolves, Itálie jižní, Italy, Southern, neosporosis, IFAT, antibody titres, Canis lupus, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Hunting dogs have probably a higher level of exposure to Neospora caninum Dubey, Carpenter, Speer, Topper et Uggla, 1988 and Toxoplasma gondii Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908 than other canine populations for their different lifestyle. The aim of our survey was to determine the seroprevalence of N. caninum and T. gondii in hunting dogs from southern Italy and assess risk factors related to these protozoan infections. Blood samples were collected from 398 hunting dogs (19 different breeds, aged from 5 month to 14 years). The sera were screened by indirect fluorescence antibody test; a titre ≥ 50 was considered positive. Antibodies to N. caninum and T. gondii were detected in 59 (15%) dogs with titres from 50 to 3 200 and in 94 (24%) dogs with titres from 50 to 1 600, respectively, with co-infection in 25 (6%) dogs. Statistical difference (p ≤ 0.05) was found only for infection with T. gondii between two age groups: ≥ 2-4 years (16%) and ≥ 4-7 years (33%); other observed characteristics were without statistical significance. Our results suggest that the hunting dogs could play an important role in the transmission cycle of N. caninum between wild animals and livestock. This is the first detection of antibodies to T. gondii in hunting dogs in Italy., Tereza Machačová, Eva Bártová, Kamil Sedlák, Radka Slezáková, Marie Budíková, Diego Piantedosi, Vincenzo Veneziano., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
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40. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in goats from the south-west region of Poland and the detection of T. gondii DNA in goat milk

Creator:
Sroka, Jacek, Kusyk, Paweł, Bilska-Zając, Ewa, Karamon, Jacek, Dutkiewicz, Jacek, Wójcik-Fatla, Angelina, Zając, Violetta, Stojecki, Krzysztof, Różycki, Mirosław, and Cencek, Tomasz
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
toxoplazmóza, genotyp, sérologie, toxoplasmosis, genotype, serology, DAT, PCR, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908) is an obligatory intracellular protozoan parasite prevalent in animals and humans worldwide having medical and veterinary importance on account of causing abortion or congenital disease in intermediate hosts, including man. Since T. gondii has already been identified in the milk of goats, Capra aegagrus hircus (Linnaeus), the possibility of acquiring infection by ingesting unpasteurised goat milk should be taken into consideration. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the presence of T. gondii DNA in goat milk. First, 73 goats (females) from 36 farms located in Poland were examined serologically by direct agglutination test (DAT) to estimate the T. gondii serological status. Milk samples from 60 selected lactating females were examined for the presence of T. gondii DNA by Real time PCR and nested PCR (B1 gene). To estimate the clonal type of detected T. gondii, multiplex PCR was performed using 6 markers. In DAT, positive results were found in 70% of 73 goats. Among examined 60 milk samples, 65% were positive in Real time PCR and 43% in nested PCR. It is noteworthy that 11 samples positive in PCR were collected from seronegative goats. The multilocus PCR analysis mostly revealed the occurrence of genotype III, which is relatively rare in Europe. The recorded high prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in tested goats (70%), associated with a high prevalence of T. gondii DNA in goat milk samples (65%), indicates a potential risk of the parasite transmission through goat milk ingestion., Jacek Sroka, Paweł Kusyk, Ewa Bilska-Zając, Jacek Karamon, Jacek Dutkiewicz, Angelina Wójcik-Fatla, Violetta Zając, Krzysztof Stojecki, Mirosław Różycki, Tomasz Cencek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public