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1. A coccidian (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) with extracytoplasmally located stages in the kidney tubules of golden carp (Carassius auratus gibelio L.) (Cyprinidae)

Creator:
Lukeš, J.
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Subject:
coccidia, Eimeria, fish, fusion, and host-parasite interaction
Language:
English
Description:
Numerous coccidian stages were found in the kidney tubules of the golden carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). The merogonial and gamogonial stages were localized extracytoplasmally in the microvillous region of the epithelial cells. The host-parasite interface consisted of i) a large area where the parasite was separated from the host cytoplasm by the parasitophorous vacuole membrane only, and ii) a zone of multiple fusions of the host cell membrane investing the parasite to the neighbouring microvilli. The taxonomic status of the extracytoplasmic stages is not clear, however, their possible appurtenance to Eimeria scardimi, which was frequently found in the kidneys of golden carps in the same population, is discussed.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

2. Behaviour and eating habits as determinants for human opisthorchiasis in the Bolsena Lake area, Italy

Creator:
Scaramozzino, Paola, Condoleo, Roberto, Martini, Enrica, Bossù, Teresa, Aquilani, Silvia, Spallucci, Valentina, Aquilini, Elisabetta, and Marozzi, Selene
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
dotazníky, parazitologie, questionnaires, parasitology, Opisthorchis felineus, risk factors, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
In Italy, food-borne outbreaks of opisthorchiasis have occurred since 2003, all of them originating from some lakes in Central Italy where the only European liver fluke, Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) is endemic. The aim of the present study is to investigate the factors that may facilitate the life cycle of O. felineus in the area of Bolsena Lake, the knowledge of the local population about opisthorchiasis, and preventative healthcare measures. We performed a descriptive observational study through the submission of questionnaires to three target populations: fishermen who fish exclusively in Bolsena Lake, restaurateurs whose businesses are close to the lake and general population living in the province of Viterbo. Results showed hazardous behaviours and eating habits in the three target populations, as well as a poor knowledge of opisthorchiasis and preventative healthcare measures., Paola Scaramozzino, Roberto Condoleo, Enrica Martini, Teresa Bossù, Silvia Aquilani, Valentina Spallucci, Elisabetta Aquilini, Selene Marozzi., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

3. Cesta do hlubin genderové politické kultury: příklad kritické analýzy ideologie

Creator:
Hana Havelková
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
gender, ženy v politice, rovné postavení mužů a žen, politická kultura, ideologie, women in politics, gender equality, political culture, ideologies, politická reprezentace žen, political representation of women, 18, and 316.4/.7
Language:
Czech
Description:
The article focuses on one of the factors affecting the political representation of women: political culture. Defined as the level of egalitarian gender culture in a country as related to politics in particular, its open forms can be measured in public opinion polls. But the article focuses on two less apparent forms of differentiation between the sexes in relation to politics. The first is the different way in which each gender relates conceptually to power. The second difference relates to the view that equal representation is not too important. An in-depth analysis using ideological analysis (a type of CDA) even reveals the existence of a divided concept of freedom according to gender, which is obscured by a set of other divides, such as politics versus culture, public versus private, love versus personal autonomy., Hana Havelková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

4. Cryptosporidium meleagridis and C. baileyi (Apicomplexa) in domestic and wild birds in Algeria

Creator:
Laatamna, Abd Elkarim, Holubová, Nikola, Bohumil Sak, and Martin Kváč
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
epidemiologie, epidemiology, Afrika severní, Africa, North, avian cryptosporidia, PCR, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
A total of 345 faecal samples were collected from domestic, captive and wild birds in rural areas, urban areas and a Zoo in Algeria. Samples were screened for the presence of parasites belonging to the genus Cryptosporidium Tyzzer, 1910 by microscopy and PCR analysis of the small-subunit rRNA (SSU), actin and 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) genes. Cryptosporidium spp. were detected in 31 samples. Sequence analysis of SSU and actin genes revealed the presence of C. baileyi Current, Upton et Haynes, 1986 in domestic chicken broilers (n = 12), captive ostriches (n = 4) and a wild mallard (n = 1), and C. meleagridis Slavin, 1955 in a graylag goose (n = 1), chickens (n = 11) and turkeys (n = 2). Twenty-three chicken and two turkey broilers from five farms were positive for cryptosporidia, with an overall prevalence of 2% and 6%, respectively. Both C. meleagridis and C. baileyi were detected in farmed chicken broilers, with a prevalence ranging from 9% to 69%. Farmed turkeys broilers were positive only for C. meleagridis, with a 13% prevalence at the animal level. Subtyping of C. meleagridis isolates at the gp60 locus showed the presence of subtype IIIgA22G3R1 in graylag goose and chicken broilers and IIIgA23G2R1 in chicken and turkey broilers. Infection with cryptosporidia was not associated with any clinical diseases. The results of the present study, which provides the first data on the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in wild birds in Africa, demonstrate the presence of human pathogenic C. meleagridis in both domestic and wild birds in Algeria., Abd Elkarim Laatamna, Nikola Holubová, Bohumil Sak, Martin Kváč., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

5. Dispersal and molecular characterisation of the Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch, 1786) complex isolated from various intermediate hosts in the Calabria region, southern Italy

Creator:
Pavia, Grazia, De Gori, Federica, Ciambrone, Lucia, De Gori, Natalino, Musarella, Rosanna, and Casalinuovo, Francesco
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
měchožil, černá zvěř, kozy, zoonózy, genotyp, Echinococcus, wild boars, zoonoses, goats, genotype, Kalábrie (Itálie : kraj), Calabria (Italy : Region), sanger sequencing, molecular characterisation, Echinococcus canadensis G7, G1 microvariant of E. granulosus s.s., Cystic echinococcosis, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease caused by the tapeworms of the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato complex, which have worldwide distribution. No data on the circulation of genotypes of the E. granulosus complex in intermediate hosts in endemic areas in Calabria are available. The aims of our study were to evaluate the dispersal of genotypes of the E. granulosus complex in Calabria and to characterise parasite isolates by Sanger sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. We collected 71 animal samples from pigs, wild boars, sheep, cattle and goats. The first PCR screening analysis targeted three partial genomic regions: the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), calreticulin protein (cal) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1); this identified 28 parasitic cysts. Bidirectional sequencing of cox1 amplicons and phylogenetic analysis allowed us to characterise all isolates. Molecular analyses of 28 newly generated cox1 sequences revealed that most wild boars (n = 16) and three pigs were parasitised by the larval stage of Taenia hydatidena Pallas, 1766, called cysticercus tenuicollis. Two isolates from wild boars were identified as Echinococcus canadensis Webster and Cameron, 1961 (G7), while five sheep and two goats were infected with E. granulosus G1 (sheep strain) and G1 microvariant (previously reported as G2 genotype or Tasmanian sheep strain), respectively. These molecular findings should prompt further and more extensive studies, to elucidate regional transmission patterns and to guide control programs., Grazia Pavia, Federica De Gori, Lucia Ciambrone, Natalino De Gori, Rosanna Musarella and Francesco Casalinuovo., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

6. Feeding strategies and competition between terrestrial Haemadipsa leeches (Euhirudinea: Arhynchobdellida) in Danum Valley rainforest (Borneo, Sabah)

Creator:
Gąsiorek, Piotr and Różycka, Hanna
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
parazitismus, parasitism, ectoparasites, foraging behaviour, Haemadipsidae, haematophagy, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Haemadipsid leeches are among the most successful terrestrial invertebrates in Bornean rainforests. They are very common ectoparasites of vertebrates, and their abundance has facilitated the conduction of numerous projects in the fields of ecology, zoogeography and taxonomy. We undertook research on two species inhabiting lowland dipterocarp forest, Haemadipsa picta Moore, 1929 and Haemadipsa subagilis (Moore, 1929), in order to address the following questions: (a) is there a difference in leech abundance between trails and off-trails?; (b) is ambush location dependent on specimen size or is species-specific?; (c) is intra- and interspecific competition limited by differences in foraging behaviours or vertical niche partitioning? Our results clearly show that H. picta is more abundant on trails than on off-trails and is vertically dispersed within the understory; the size of a specimen is strongly correlated with plant height. Haemadipsa subagilis was found not to exhibit such patterns. We suggest a possible lowering of interspecific competition between these species as a result of: (i) size-dependent dispersion of H. picta (together with reduction of intraspecific competition); and (ii) habitat specialisation of H. subagilis. Moreover, we provide new observations on their foraging behaviour., Piotr Gąsiorek, Hanna Różycka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

7. Gene expression, oxidative stress and apoptotic changes in rabbit ileum experimentally infected with Eimeria intestinalis

Creator:
Abdel-Haleem, Heba M, Aboelhadid, Shawky M, Sakran, Thabet, El-Shahawy, Gamal, El-Fayoumi, Huda, Al-Quraishy, Saleh, and Abdel-Baki, Abdel-Azeem S
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
kokcidie, střeva, apoptóza, coccidia, intestines, apoptosis, malondialdehyde, catalase, Real time PCR, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by protists (apicomplexans) of the genus Eimeria Schneider, 1875 and is considered to be the most important disease faced by rabbit breeders due to its high morbidity. In the present study, the antioxidant status and changes in apoptosis and in the expression of some genes were quantified in rabbits' ilea following infection with Eimeria intestinalis Cheissin, 1948. Rabbits, orally infected with 1 × 105 sporulated oocysts of E. intestinalis, started to shed oocysts in their faeces on 8 days post infection (dpi) and reached maximum excretion on 10 dpi, with approximately 5 million oocysts. This was accompanied by a significant decrease in the live body weight of infected rabbits. Also, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide were significantly increased while catalase and glutathione were significantly decreased in the ileum tissues of the infected rabbits. In addition, a significant increase was observed in the percentages of apoptotic cells in the ilea of the infected rabbits. Furthermore, interleukin-1β and interleukin-2 mRNA levels were significantly down-regulated and mRNA levels of interleukin-6, interferon gamma and inducible nitric oxide synthase were significantly up-regulated, while those of C-reactive protein remained unchanged. We conclude that infection with E. intestinalis induces oxidative stress, a significant increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells and a diverse and robust Th1 and Th1-related cytokine response in the ileum tissues., Heba M. Abdel-Haleem, Shawky M. Aboelhadid, Thabet Sakran, Gamal El-Shahawy, Huda El-Fayoumi, Saleh Al-Quraishy, Abdel-Azeem S. Abdel-Baki., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

8. Inhibition of chiorophyll synthesis by selenium: involvement of lipoxygenase mediated lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes

Creator:
Padmaja, K., Somasekharaiah, B.V., and Prasad, A.R.K.
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis intermediate compounds (like protoporphyrin-IX, Mg-protoporphyrin methyl ester and protochlorophyllide), Chl {a + h), heme, cytochrome P-450 (cyt P-450) and lipid peroxide levels as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and lipoxygenase were studied in selenium treated mung beán seedlings. Chl (a -t- b) content and heme levels were decreased with a concomitant accumulation of all the three porphyrins studied. Se treatment enhanced the lipoxygenase activity and correspondingly increased lipid peroxide levels. Se inhibited both the antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase in a dose- dependent manner. However, cyt P-450 levels were enhanced under Se exposure. Hence the inhibitory effect of Se on Chl synthesis is not only by acting on constituent biosynthetic enzymes but also through lipoxygenase-mediated lipid peroxide levels and inhibition of antioxidant defence component systém.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

9. Intraspecific morphometric variation in myxosporeans

Creator:
Zhai, Yanhua, Whipps, Christopher M, Gu, Zemao, Guo, Qingxiang, Wu, Zizhen, Wang, Hongmei, and Liu, Yang
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
morfologie (biologie), morphology (biology), intraspecific variation, Myxozoa, species differentiation, Myxobolidae, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Morphometric data from spores of ten myxosporean species were statistically analysed to explore myxosporean intraspecific variation in measurements when obtained from a sample from: (1) the same plasmodium, (2) different plasmodia from the same host and (3) different host individuals and localities. In some cases, significant differences in spore dimensions were found between samples from the same plasmodium, highlighting the difficulty of obtaining representative measurements of myxosporean spore. In addition, significant differences in spore dimensions were found when plasmodia from the same site of infection were compared, suggesting that measurements of spores should come from several different plasmodia of the sampling to increase the reliability of the morphology data. Moreover, significant differences in spore dimensions were observed for most spore dimensions when data were compared between localities. In all cases, there was clear overlap in ranges of dimensions even when means differed significantly. The present statistical analysis shows that intraspecific morphometric variation of myxosporean species commonly occurs, highlighting the importance of reporting ranges of measurements for a species, not just the mean dimensions, and taking into account all evidence when assigning or describing myxosporean species., Yanhua Zhai, Christopher M. Whipps, Zemao Gu, Qingxiang Guo, Zizhen Wu, Hongmei Wang, Yang Liu., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

10. Mlčení je forma komunikace: feministické debaty o politických aspektech psychologické praxe

Creator:
Kateřina Machovcová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
feminismus, gender, psychologie, psychologické poradenství, feminism, psychology, psychological counseling, critical psychology, activism, 18, and 316.4/.7
Language:
Czech
Description:
The heated debate between feminism(s) and psychology(ies) about being political goes beyond the understanding of feminism as a dangerous ideology that needs to be divorced from the respect for approaches intrinsic to psychological practices. Political activism is frequently understood as a core feminist value, but different ethics can come into play in psychology and psychotherapy. Professionals engaged in critical and feminist approaches seek to combine being political while cherishing the autonomous decision-making of each and every client. However, we also encounter positions where individual work is rejected and only collective activism is to be pursued, or on the other hand, positions where activism beyond individual help is deemed unrealistic. In the following text different perspectives on feminist politics and psychology will be presented. For instance, critical psychology can serve as one of the platforms where feminisms and the critique of psychological theories can come together in claiming that neutrality is impossible. The theoretical part of the article is illustrated with examples, some of which were drawn from the empirical material collected for the author’s dissertation project ‘Gendering Psychological Counselling’., Kateřina Machovcová., Obsahuje bibliografii, and Anglické resumé
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public