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2. Behaviour and eating habits as determinants for human opisthorchiasis in the Bolsena Lake area, Italy

Creator:
Scaramozzino, Paola, Condoleo, Roberto, Martini, Enrica, Bossù, Teresa, Aquilani, Silvia, Spallucci, Valentina, Aquilini, Elisabetta, and Marozzi, Selene
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
dotazníky, parazitologie, questionnaires, parasitology, Opisthorchis felineus, risk factors, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
In Italy, food-borne outbreaks of opisthorchiasis have occurred since 2003, all of them originating from some lakes in Central Italy where the only European liver fluke, Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) is endemic. The aim of the present study is to investigate the factors that may facilitate the life cycle of O. felineus in the area of Bolsena Lake, the knowledge of the local population about opisthorchiasis, and preventative healthcare measures. We performed a descriptive observational study through the submission of questionnaires to three target populations: fishermen who fish exclusively in Bolsena Lake, restaurateurs whose businesses are close to the lake and general population living in the province of Viterbo. Results showed hazardous behaviours and eating habits in the three target populations, as well as a poor knowledge of opisthorchiasis and preventative healthcare measures., Paola Scaramozzino, Roberto Condoleo, Enrica Martini, Teresa Bossù, Silvia Aquilani, Valentina Spallucci, Elisabetta Aquilini, Selene Marozzi., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
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4. Cesta do hlubin genderové politické kultury: příklad kritické analýzy ideologie

Creator:
Hana Havelková
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
gender, ženy v politice, rovné postavení mužů a žen, politická kultura, ideologie, women in politics, gender equality, political culture, ideologies, politická reprezentace žen, political representation of women, 18, and 316.4/.7
Language:
Czech
Description:
The article focuses on one of the factors affecting the political representation of women: political culture. Defined as the level of egalitarian gender culture in a country as related to politics in particular, its open forms can be measured in public opinion polls. But the article focuses on two less apparent forms of differentiation between the sexes in relation to politics. The first is the different way in which each gender relates conceptually to power. The second difference relates to the view that equal representation is not too important. An in-depth analysis using ideological analysis (a type of CDA) even reveals the existence of a divided concept of freedom according to gender, which is obscured by a set of other divides, such as politics versus culture, public versus private, love versus personal autonomy., Hana Havelková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
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6. Cryptosporidium meleagridis and C. baileyi (Apicomplexa) in domestic and wild birds in Algeria

Creator:
Laatamna, Abd Elkarim, Holubová, Nikola, Bohumil Sak, and Martin Kváč
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
epidemiologie, epidemiology, Afrika severní, Africa, North, avian cryptosporidia, PCR, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
A total of 345 faecal samples were collected from domestic, captive and wild birds in rural areas, urban areas and a Zoo in Algeria. Samples were screened for the presence of parasites belonging to the genus Cryptosporidium Tyzzer, 1910 by microscopy and PCR analysis of the small-subunit rRNA (SSU), actin and 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) genes. Cryptosporidium spp. were detected in 31 samples. Sequence analysis of SSU and actin genes revealed the presence of C. baileyi Current, Upton et Haynes, 1986 in domestic chicken broilers (n = 12), captive ostriches (n = 4) and a wild mallard (n = 1), and C. meleagridis Slavin, 1955 in a graylag goose (n = 1), chickens (n = 11) and turkeys (n = 2). Twenty-three chicken and two turkey broilers from five farms were positive for cryptosporidia, with an overall prevalence of 2% and 6%, respectively. Both C. meleagridis and C. baileyi were detected in farmed chicken broilers, with a prevalence ranging from 9% to 69%. Farmed turkeys broilers were positive only for C. meleagridis, with a 13% prevalence at the animal level. Subtyping of C. meleagridis isolates at the gp60 locus showed the presence of subtype IIIgA22G3R1 in graylag goose and chicken broilers and IIIgA23G2R1 in chicken and turkey broilers. Infection with cryptosporidia was not associated with any clinical diseases. The results of the present study, which provides the first data on the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in wild birds in Africa, demonstrate the presence of human pathogenic C. meleagridis in both domestic and wild birds in Algeria., Abd Elkarim Laatamna, Nikola Holubová, Bohumil Sak, Martin Kváč., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
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7. Cystoidosoma hermaphroditus sp. n., the first representative of the quill mite family Ascouracaridae (Acari: Astigmata: Pterolichoidea) from an owl (Aves: Strigiformes)

Creator:
Hernandes, Fabio Akashi and OConnor, Barry M
Format:
electronic, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
roztoči, parazitický hmyz, sovy, mites, parasitic insects, owls, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
The mite family Ascouracaridae Gaud et Atyeo, 1976 contains large-sized mites (mostly > 1 mm) which live inside the quills of birds of several orders. To date, no representative of this family has been found associated with the order Strigiformes (owls). In this paper, a new species of this family, Cystoidosoma hermaphroditus sp. n., is described from the tropical screech owl, Megascops choliba (Vieillot) (Aves: Strigiformes) from Brazil. This species is unique in having an external spermaduct, a primary duct and a rudimentary bursa copulatrix present in males. This is the first astigmatan feather mite described from the order Strigiformes in this country. A key to adults of the genus Cystoidosoma Gaud et Atyeo, 1976 of the world is presented., Fabio Akashi Hernandes, Barry M. OConnor., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
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8. Dispersal and molecular characterisation of the Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch, 1786) complex isolated from various intermediate hosts in the Calabria region, southern Italy

Creator:
Pavia, Grazia, De Gori, Federica, Ciambrone, Lucia, De Gori, Natalino, Musarella, Rosanna, and Casalinuovo, Francesco
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
měchožil, černá zvěř, kozy, zoonózy, genotyp, Echinococcus, wild boars, zoonoses, goats, genotype, Kalábrie (Itálie : kraj), Calabria (Italy : Region), sanger sequencing, molecular characterisation, Echinococcus canadensis G7, G1 microvariant of E. granulosus s.s., Cystic echinococcosis, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease caused by the tapeworms of the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato complex, which have worldwide distribution. No data on the circulation of genotypes of the E. granulosus complex in intermediate hosts in endemic areas in Calabria are available. The aims of our study were to evaluate the dispersal of genotypes of the E. granulosus complex in Calabria and to characterise parasite isolates by Sanger sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. We collected 71 animal samples from pigs, wild boars, sheep, cattle and goats. The first PCR screening analysis targeted three partial genomic regions: the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), calreticulin protein (cal) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1); this identified 28 parasitic cysts. Bidirectional sequencing of cox1 amplicons and phylogenetic analysis allowed us to characterise all isolates. Molecular analyses of 28 newly generated cox1 sequences revealed that most wild boars (n = 16) and three pigs were parasitised by the larval stage of Taenia hydatidena Pallas, 1766, called cysticercus tenuicollis. Two isolates from wild boars were identified as Echinococcus canadensis Webster and Cameron, 1961 (G7), while five sheep and two goats were infected with E. granulosus G1 (sheep strain) and G1 microvariant (previously reported as G2 genotype or Tasmanian sheep strain), respectively. These molecular findings should prompt further and more extensive studies, to elucidate regional transmission patterns and to guide control programs., Grazia Pavia, Federica De Gori, Lucia Ciambrone, Natalino De Gori, Rosanna Musarella and Francesco Casalinuovo., and Obsahuje bibliografii
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9. Effect of dietary guild (frugivory and insectivory) and other host characteristics on ectoparasite abundance (mite and nycteribiid) of chiropterans

Creator:
Luguterah, Albert and Lawer, Eric Adjei
Format:
electronic, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
savci, parazitické organismy, mammals, parasitic organisms, negative binomial, parasitism, Poisson, Zero Inflated Negative Binomial, Zero Inflated Poisson, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Ectoparasites are an important factor in bat health due to emergent diseases and their associated threats to global public health. The diverse foraging habits of bats expose them to different surfaces which may influence ectoparasite infestations. In spite of these, most studies often overlook dietary specialisations when observing ectoparasite loads. The present paper quantitatively investigates whether foraging strategies as well as other host characteristics (sex, age, trunk and patagial area) influence ectoparasite (nycteribiids and mites) loads of bats. Ectoparasite counts and morphometric data were taken from mist net captures of bats. We then developed and compared models for modeling bat ectoparasite abundance under various distributions using generalised linear models. The negative binomial distribution consistently proved to be adequate for modeling mite, nycteribiid and total ectoparasite abundance based on information-theoretic approaches. Generally, females and frugivores had higher ectoparasite loads conditional on bat sex and diet, respectively. Contrary to nycteribiid abundance, mite abundance was positively related to patagial area. Thus, our findings suggest that dietary guild, sex and patagia of hosts (as well as age-nycteribiid abundance) are significant determinants of ectoparasite abundance., Albert Luguterah, Eric Adjei Lawer., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
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10. Experimental infection model with the bivalvulid Enteromyxum leei (Myxidiidae) in the sharpsnout seabream, Diplodus puntazzo (Sparidae), and evaluation of the antiparasitic efficacy of a functional diet

Creator:
Henry, Morgane A., Kokou, Fotini, Palenzuela, Oswaldo, Pyrenis, George, and Rigos, George
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
cohabitation parasitical challenge, Myxosporea, immune response, hemoglobin, inflammation, gut parasite, parasite intensity, parasite prevalence, and qPCR
Language:
English
Description:
An infection model for sharpsnout seabream Diplodus puntazzo (Walbaum) challenged with the myxosporean Enteromyxum leei (Diamant, Lom et Dyková, 1994), resembling the natural infection conditions, was used to evaluate the antiparasitic efficacy of a functional diet. Fish of an average weight of 12.5 ± 1.2 g were delivered either a functional (included as feed supplement at 0.3% levels) or a control extruded diet. After four weeks of administration of the experimental diets, fish were challenged with the parasites (cohabitation with infected donors; donor: recipient ratio 1 : 1). The experiment was terminated four weeks after the start of the challenge. At the end of the experiment, growth and feeding (specific growth rate and feed efficiency), as well as immunological parameters (respiratory burst activity, antibacterial activities, hemoglobin concentration, anti-protease activity and ceruloplasmin activity) were measured along with cumulative mortality and total parasitic count in the gut. No significant difference was evident with regard to growth and feeding performance, mortality, gut parasitic load or immunological parameters as the parasitical challenge significantly affected both the performance of the control and functional diet fed fish. However, there was a less prominent impact on antibacterial, anti-protease and ceruloplasmin activity in fish fed with the functional diet. Overall, the present study validated the experimental cohabitation infection model and evaluated the efficacy of a functional ingredient as an antiparasitic agent, showing some potential effects on the fish immune response.
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