For a pseudo $MV$-algebra $\mathcal A$ we denote by $\ell (\mathcal A)$ the underlying lattice of $\mathcal A$. In the present paper we investigate the algebraic properties of maximal convex chains in $\ell (\mathcal A)$ containing the element 0. We generalize a result of Dvurečenskij and Pulmannová.
The set of all $m\times n$ Boolean matrices is denoted by ${\mathbb M}_{m,n}$. We call a matrix $A\in {\mathbb M}_{m,n}$ regular if there is a matrix $G\in {\mathbb M}_{n,m}$ such that $AGA=A$. In this paper, we study the problem of characterizing linear operators on ${\mathbb M}_{m,n}$ that strongly preserve regular matrices. Consequently, we obtain that if $\min \{m,n\}\le 2$, then all operators on ${\mathbb M}_{m,n}$ strongly preserve regular matrices, and if $\min \{m,n\}\ge 3$, then an operator $T$ on ${\mathbb M}_{m,n}$ strongly preserves regular matrices if and only if there are invertible matrices $U$ and $V$ such that $T(X)=UXV$ for all $X\in {\mathbb M}_{m,n}$, or $m=n$ and $T(X)=UX^TV$ for all $X\in {\mathbb M}_{n}$.
In 2019, a metal-detector find of an exceptionally well-preserved weapon was made in the complex of Ždánice Forest. We can classify it as a long-sword of Type XVIa, H1, 1b (according to Oakeshott 1964; Głosek 1984, 39–40, Fig. 4) and date it to the turn of the 15th century. Its blade was marked on both sides with three marks taking the form of a forked cross, a diagonal consisting of three equilateral crosses and, finally, a bishop's crosier. The weapon was assembled from a blade of Passau provenance and hilt-components characteristic of the wider Central European region. These and other facts concerning the sword were obtained through detailed analysis, which this study introduces.
This paper describes the probabilty analysis of reinforced concrete containment structure of NPP with the reactor VVER V-230 under high internal overpressure. The summary of calculation models and calculation methods for the probability analysis of the structural integrity in the case of the loss of coolant accident (LOCA) is showed. The probabilistic structural analysis (PSA) level 2 aims at an assessment of the probability of the concrete structure failure under excessive overpressure. In the non-linear analysis of the concrete structures a layered approximation of the shell elements with various material properties have been included. The uncertainties of longtime temperature and dead loads, material properties (concrete cracking and crushing, reinforcement, and liner) and model uncertainties were taken into account in the 106
direct MONTE CARLO simulations. The results of the probability analysis of the containment failure under excessive overpressure show that in the case of the LOCA accident at overpressure of 122,7 kPa the probability is smaller than the required 10-4 for design resistance. and Obsahuje seznam literatury