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2. Pattern of money allocation in experimental games supports the stress hypothesis of gender differences in Toxoplasma gondii-induced behavioural changes

Creator:
Lindová, Jitka, Kuběna, Aleš A., Šturcová, Hana, Křivohlavá, Romana, Novotná, Martina, Rubešová, Anna, Havlíček, Jan, Kodym, Petr, and Flegr, Jaroslav
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Toxoplasma, stress hypothesis, experimental games, coping, and gender differences
Language:
English
Description:
Latent toxoplasmosis has been previously found to cause behavioural and personality changes in humans, which are specific for each gender. Here we tested the stress hypothesis of these gender differences based on the assumption that latent toxoplasmosis causes long-term subliminal stress. In line with this hypothesis, the gender difference will appear specifically in situations with interpersonal context because in contrast to the typical individualistic coping style of men, women have a tendency to express elevated prosocial behaviour under stress. Altogether 295 biology students (29/191 females and 27/104 males infected by T. gondii) played a modified version of the Dictator Game and the Trust Game. As predicted, a gender difference in the effect of latent toxoplasmosis was found for the measure of reciprocal altruism in the Trust Game (p=0.016), but both genders appeared less generous when infected in the Dictator Game modified to minimize social connotation (p=0.048).
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

3. Scanning electron microscopy and macroscopic examination of prematurely erupted teeth in preterm infants

Creator:
Merglova, Vlasta, Nemeckova, A., Hauer, L., and Koberova-Ivancakova, R.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
premature eruption, primary teeth, preterm infant, macroscopic observation, and SEM observation
Language:
English
Description:
Prematurely erupted teeth are rare in fullterm neonates and extremely rare in prematurely delivered infants. The aim of this study was to present macroscopic and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations of prematurely erupted primary teeth of preterm very low birthweight (VLBW) and extremely low birthweight (ELBW) infants. Three preterm VLBW and ELBW infants with prematurely erupted lower incisors were examined. The dental examination assessed the type, location, clinical appearance, and degree of mobility of the prematurely erupted teeth. The structural appearance of enamel and dentin of three extracted and longitudinally sectioned prematurely erupted teeth was investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Lower incisors were rootless with hypermobility. The surface of enamel of the prematurely erupted primary teeth was hypoplastic and hypomineralized and had a typical “honeycomb” appearance in SEM. The aprismatic type of enamel was visible in some regions. The neonatal line separating the layer of prenatal enamel from postnatal enamel was observed. The enamel prisms were interconnected by interprismatic substances, and cross-striations of prisms were visible. Dentin presented a typical tubular character. The dentinal layer near the enamel dentin junction had Y-shaped branching of dentinal tubules. On the pulpal side, dentin had a globular character. The macroscopic and SEM investigations particularly revealed alterations in enamel, while the dentin of neonatal teeth had a nearly normal appearance.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public