We tested the mode of action of Cd on photosynthesis and activities of ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), and on contents of phytochelatins (PCs) and glutathione (GSH) in two cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) PBW-343 and WH-542 differing in yield potential. Cd treatment increased Cd content and photosynthetic activity in PBW-343 more than in WH-542. The activities of APX, GR, ATP-S, and synthesis of PCs and GSH were also increased by Cd, but the CAT and SOD activities were inhibited in both the cultivars. The efficient functioning of antioxidative enzymes, production of PCs and GSH, helped in counteracting the effects of Cd namely in PBW-343, protected photosynthetic ability, and increased the tolerance to Cd. and I. Ahmad ... [et al.].
Problems of membrane liquid lenses with variable focal length are discussed in the paper. Aproximate formulae for varying thickness of spherically and parabolically deformed membrane were derived, what allows to determine its influence on quality of imaging properties of a membrane liquid lens. Also formulae for wave spherical aberration calculation of a membrane and liquid lens body were derived. It is shown that the influence of membrane thickness and its changes on wave spherical aberration is negligible from practical point of view. and Byla řešena problematika membránových kapalinových čoček s proměnnou ohniskovou vzdáleností. Byly odvozeny přibližné vztahy pro změnu tloušťky sféricky a parabolicky deformované membrány, které umožňují určit vliv této změny na kvalitu zobrazení kapalinové čočky. Dále jsou odvozeny vztahy pro výpočet vlnové sférické aberace membrány a kapalinového tělesa čočky. Bylo ukázáno, že vliv tloušťky membrány a změny její tloušťky na vlnovou sférickou aberaci kapalinové čočky jsou z praktického hlediska zanedbatelné.