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2. Dopad ADHD na plánování, coping a časovou perspektivu v každodenním životě jedince
- Creator:
- Smetáčková, Irena, Ptáček, Radek, Vňuková, Martina, and Děchtěrenko, Filip
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- ADHD, adults, time perception, coping, dospělí, and vnímání času
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Objectives. People with ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) show a number of executive function deficits which are related, among other things, to difficulties in perceiving time. Deficiencies in time perception have been demonstrated in children and adults with ADHD. Perception of time is usually measured by quantitative methods at very short time intervals, which are not related to application in everyday life.Methods. The presented mix-methods study therefore focuses on the perception of time in short and long intervals in the context of the actual real life of the subjects. The study presents the results of an analysis of interviews with 20 adults with varying levels of ADHD symptoms, which included 1) a life line technique and a follow-up narrative interview about significant life events and perceptions of their time sequence, and 2) a short stress management interview and subjective efficiency of coping strategies. The respondents were chosen based on their results in the ASRS questionnaire which measures the severity of ADHD symptomatology. The results of the qualitative part were compared with the findings from the quantitative analysis of the development of the scenario of a situation containing a motivational conflict (N = 1518). Results. The results showed that people with ADHD, compared to the control group, more often choose less adaptive solutions in the field of time-related life situations. Nevertheless, in their own lives, most of them were able to state specific procedures that work for them while coping with the burden of ADHD. However, there was a difference in the extent of ADHD symptomatology compensation. External structuring of stress activities (through graphic visualization, e.g.) was most often cited as the best practice. and Problém. Osoby s ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) vykazují řadu deficitů v oblasti exekutivních funkcí, které souvisí mimo jiné i s obtížemi ve vnímání času. Nedostatky v časové percepci byly prokázány u dětí i dospělých s ADHD. Vnímání času je obvykle měřeno kvantitativními metodami na velmi krátkých časových intervalech, které nesouvisí s uplatněním v každodenním životě. Metoda. Prezentovaná studie se smíšeným designem se proto zaměřuje na vnímání času v krátkých i dlouhých časových intervalech v kontextu vlastního reálného života zkoumaných osob. Studie prezentuje výsledky analýzy rozhovorů s 20 dospělými osobami s různou úrovní ADHD symptomů, které zahrnovaly 1) techniku čáry života a na ni navazující narativní rozhovor o významných událostech života a vnímání jejich časové souslednosti a 2) rozhovor o zvládání krátké zátěže s důrazem na subjektivní efektivitu copingových strategií. Tito respondenti byli vybráni na základě výsledků dotazníku ASRS měřící míru ADHD symptomatologie. Výsledky kvalitativní části byly srovnávány se zjištěními z kvantitativní analýzy vývoje scénáře situace obsahující motivační konflikt (N = 1518). Výsledky. Výsledky ukázaly, že osoby s projevy ADHD ve srovnání s kontrolní skupinou v oblasti řešení životních situací souvisejících s časem volí častěji méně adaptivní řešení. Přesto ve vlastním životě byla většina z osob schopna uvést konkrétní copingové postupy, které se jim při zvládání zátěže osvědčují. Odlišnost však existovala s ohledem na míru kompenzovaných projevů ADHD. Jako osvědčený postup byla nejčastěji uváděna externí strukturace zátěžových aktivit (např. za pomocí grafické vizualizace).
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3. Helminth ectoparasites of sillaginid fishes (Perciformes: Percoidei) have low species richness
- Creator:
- Hayward, Craig J.
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- ectoparasites, helminths, Sillaginidae, Monogenea, Digenea, Hirudinea, and diversity
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Just nineteen species of ectoparasitic helminths were found in a survey of over 1,500 individuals of 26 species of sillaginid fishes in the Indo-west Pacific, A twentieth worm is known only from the literature; a twenty-first, also known only from the literature, is considered a doubtful record. Fifteen of the twenty worms are branchial monogeneans, one is a monoge-nean of the pharyngeal plates, one is an ectoparasitic digenean living under the scales, and three are leeches of the mouth cavity and fins. The most common monogeneans were diplectanids (Diplectanum spp. and Monoplectanum spp.) and microcotylids (Polylabris spp.), each with five recently described or redescribed species. Of the remaining monogeneans, three were extremely rare, and two were uncommon. Pseudnbivagina sp. and Polynemicola sp. (Microcotylidae) and Pseudempleurosoma sp. (Ancyrocephalidae) were represented by only a single worm each from three different hosts (Sillago robusta, S. sihama, and S. ingenuua, respectively). The gyrodactylid Gyrodactylus sp, is widespread and was recorded from four species of sillaginids (S. ciliata, S. japonica, S. schomburgkii and S. sihama). Encolyllabe chirrmemi Robinson (Capsalidae) is recorded for the first time from sillaginids, but only on S. aeolus.'Tv/o additional monogeneans are known from sillaginids only in the literature: Dacty-logyrus sp, (Dactylogyridae) is known only from cultured S. sihama', the single specimen of Microcotyle sp. (Microcotylidae) recorded from Sillaginodes punctata is probably a contaminant, since the haptor was missing. The generalist trematode Trans-versolrema Ucinum Manter (Transversotrematidae) was found for the first time in samples of four species of sillaginids (Sillago analis, S. ingenuua, S. lutea and 5. sihama). Three species of piscicolid leeches were encountered: Austrohdella translucens Badham was common on the fins of three large inshore sillaginids (S. ciliata, S. schomburgkii and S. analis); a single specimen of the generalist species Zeylanicobdella arugamensis De Silva was recovered from S. soringa·, and specimens of Z. stellata (Moore) infected S. schomburgkii and S. analis. The diversity of host-specific worms in Sillaginidae is low compared with those of some other Indo-west Pacific fishes.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
4. Post-growth utopias from the GDR: the ecosocialist alternatives of SED critics Wolfgang Harich, Rudolf Bahro, and Robert Havemann from the 1970s
- Creator:
- Amberger, Alexander
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- eco-socialist utopias, GDR, Marxist intellectuals, Wolfgang Harich, Rudolf Bahro, and Robert Havemann
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- While the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED), under its new chairman Erich Honecker, focused on consumption and economic growth in the 1970s, some Marxist intellectuals in the GDR recognized the urgency of the ecological question. They took the warnings of the Club of Rome seriously and pleaded for a different communist way of life, one that would abandon the ever-prosperous industrial economic model. To this end, they independently formulated eco-socialist utopias. Wolfgang Harich was the first in 1975 with Communism without Growth?, followed by Rudolf Bahro with The Alternative from 1977, and Robert Havemann with his book Tomorrow, published in 1980. In this article, the three utopian texts and their authors are presented, analyzed and compared. Amberger shows that the oppositional thinking of Harich, Bahro, and Haveman does not only belong in the history books but can also be an inspiration for today’s debates on climate change and environmental destruction.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public