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Start Over Coverage 183-188

3. The role of blood vessels and lungs in the dissemination of Naegleria fowleri following intranasal inoculation in mice

Creator:
Jarolim, Kirby L., McCosh, Jeffrey K., and Howard, Marsha J.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Naegleria fowleri, primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, mouse, intranasal inoculation, blood culture, and lungs
Language:
English
Description:
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) was induced in mice by intranasal inoculation of Naegleria fowleri (Singh et Das, 1970) to study the role of the blood vessels and lungs in the early and later stages in this disease. Upon culturing blood and lung tissue obtained at 24-, 36-, 48-, 72-, 96-, and 120-hour time periods, it was found that amoebae grew only from blood and lung tissue obtained at the 96 and 120 hour time periods. Paraffin sections of the head revealed small foci of acute inflammation and amoebae within the olfactory bulb of the central nervous system (CNS) at 24 hours. Amoebae were not observed within blood vessels of the CNS until 96 and 120 hours. Also, amoebae were observed within the connective tissue surrounding blood vessels and sutures of the skull, bone marrow, and venous sinusoids between the skull bone tables at 96 and 120 hours. No amoebae or acute inflammatory reactions were observed in the lung sections from any time period and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy was negative for N. fowleri. This study provides evidence that neither blood vessels nor lungs provide routes for N. fowleri to the CNS during the early stages of PAM and that amoebae enter veins of the CNS and bone marrow during later stages of the disease.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

4. Zero-term ranks of real matrices and their preservers

Creator:
Beasley, LeRoy B. , Jun, Young-Bae , and Song, Seok-Zun
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
linear operator, zero-term rank, and $P,Q,B$-operator
Language:
English
Description:
Zero-term rank of a matrix is the minimum number of lines (rows or columns) needed to cover all the zero entries of the given matrix. We characterize the linear operators that preserve zero-term rank of the $m \times n$ real matrices. We also obtain combinatorial equivalent condition for the zero-term rank of a real matrix.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public