The author's aim is to provide an orientation in the basic norms of European law. The author deals with the act prohibiting discrimination in rewarding and she describes an example of the discrimination which is important not only because the European court of justice applied its test of objective justification for the first time here, but also because in this case European court of justice for the first time involved benefits of employment (e.g. company pension) under the concept of reward. The author also introduces the basic legal norms of the European law concerning the issue of the equal opportunities for men and women. The European law is part of the Czech legal system and it is superior to Czech law, thus the author further points out the possibilities of citizens (like individual) to sue of justice at both national and European courts of justice. She brings out suggestions how to work with the resources of European law and also explanes the role of the European as well as Czech courts of justice in application of the European legal norms generally and particularly in case of the discrimination in rewarding and in treatment.
In this note we show that a subtraction algebra is equivalent to an implicative BCK-algebra, and a subtraction semigroup is a special case of a BCI-semigroup.
Theoretical models for bipolar flows are discussed with particular emphasis on new observational developments over the last year that have added significant constraints and understanding.
Implications of these flows for the cloud environment in which they are embedded are outlined. Associated objects such as masers and Herbig-Haro objects are analysed. It is shown that all
reasonable axisymmetic magnetohydrodynamic flows have some collimation along the symmetry axis. Observational tests of the theories are proposed. A connection between H2O masers and
protoplanetary systems in molecular disks is put forward.
During a survey of the coccidian parasites of reptiles, caryosporan oocysts were found in the faeces of wild and captive European viperid snakes Vipera berus (L.) and V. ammodytes (L.). Thirty two of 37 examined V. herus (86%) and 9 of 17 examined V. ammodytes (53%) specimens were found to be passing caryosporan oocysts. Morphological characters of all caryosporan isolates were identical and fitted well with the description of Caryospora simplex Léger, 1904. Experimental inoculation of severe combined immunodeficient (SC1D) mice with seven isolates of C. simplex from V. berus or V. ammodytes confirmed the heteroxenous life cycle pattern, for the first time for isolates of evidently European origin. Caryosporan developmental stages were observed in the connective tissues of the nose, cheeks, ear and scrotum in all inoculated SCID mice. V. berus and V. ammodytes represent new hosts for C. simplex. The present paper represents the first widely based report on coccidian parasites of the genus Caryospora Léger in European viperids. Our findings indicate a wide distribution of C. simplex throughout the range of distribution of snakes of the genus Vipera.
An attempt is presented to explain the large difference in the
intensity, frequency range and number of radio activity events
following the large flares in the two complex active regions of June
1982 (NOAA Nos. 3763 and 3776). The topology of their local magnetic
fields in relation to the global field is discussed as one of the main
factors causing this effect.