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4. Topologické defekty a fázové přechody: přednáška u příležitosti udělení Nobelovy ceny za fyziku za rok 2016

Creator:
Kosterlitz, John Michael, Gregora, Ivan, and Mahmoud, A.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
2016, Nobelova cena (ocenění), fyzika, Nobel Prizes, physics, 6, and 53
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Nobel Lecture, presented on December 8, 2016, at Aula Magna, Stockholm University. In his lecture F. J. M. Kosterlitz described theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter, partially on behalf of the main researcher behind those discoveries, David Thouless, who was not able to give the talk. First, the history of the collaboration between Kosterlitz and Thouless was briefly described. Then, a summary of their contribution to applications of topology to classical Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless of BKT phase transition was described., John Michael Kosterlitz ; přeložil Ivan Gregora ; foto A. Mahmoud., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

5. Transmission of the monogenean Gyrodactylus salaris

Creator:
Soleng, Arnulf, Jansen, Peder A., and Bakke, Tor A.
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Subject:
Gyrodactylus salaris, Monogenea, temperature, transmission, and Salmo salar
Language:
English
Description:
The present study is focusing on the transmission of the monogenean ectoparasite Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg, 1957, a major pathogen on natural populations of Norwegian Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. In laboratory experiments the transmission rate of G. salaris after direct host to host contact was positively correlated with water temperature (1.2, 4,7 and 12.2°C). The transmission of detached G. salaris in the planktonie drift was studied in field experiments where salmon parr were individually isolated for 24 hours in small wire mesh cages suspended in the water column. Ten out of 157 salmon parr (prevalence 6.4%, mean intensity 1.0) contracted G. salaris infections after this exposure. Furthermore, 200 uninfected marked salmon parr were released into the same area of the river. After 24 and 48 hours, respectively 18 and 19 marked parr were caught by electro-fishing. The prevalence of G. salaris was 44.4% (mean intensity 1.9) after 24 hours, rising to 57.9% (mean intensity 2.3) after 48 hours. Gyrodactylids have no specific transmission stage or swimming ability, but detached G. salaris drifting in the water column were found to infect salmon parr. However, the transmission rate was markedly higher to free-living fish, suggesting that transmission routes such as indirect transmission from the substrate or direct contact transmission from infected live and/or dead fish, are relatively more important than transmission by drifting detached parasites.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public