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2. Transkulturace: možnosti využití a rozšíření konceptu

Creator:
Křížová, Markéta
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Subject:
transculturation, acculturation, cultural interaction, colonization, and modernization
Language:
Czech
Description:
The article aims to introduce and explore the concept of „transculturation". Unlike the affiliated concept of „acculturation", capitalized widely in anthropology, sociology and other branches of social Sciences, the concept of transculturation had until recently commanded little attention outside the limited area of Latin American studies. The concept, originally formulated in the 1940s by Cuban sociologist Fernando Ortiz, accentuates the mutual character of cultural interaction, the active participation of „subordinate" groups in the process, as well as the unique character of the resulting cultural formation. That is, the processes of enforced cultural exchange (for example, through colonial expansion) are preceived as not only destructive, but also Creative. While the concept of transculturation had commonly been applied within the frame of American or African history and anthropology, the present article proposes the advantages and possibilities of its use in the study of (Central) European millieu - be it in the study of German-Jewish-Czech interaction in the nineteenth century, or in the study of Protestant-Catholic cultural exchange after the year 1620.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

3. Tři přístupy k puplům národů: primordialisticko-modernistický diskurz prizmatem aktivity a objektivity etnicity

Creator:
Horálek, Adam
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Ethnicism, ethnicity, modernism, nationalism, nation, and primordialism
Language:
Czech
Description:
The paper examines theoretical discourses of ethnicity and has three main objectives: (1) to categorize and compare three academic approaches to-wards ethnicity, nation and nationalism, (2) to identify the core distinction between ethnic and national identity, and (3) to analyze the differences between approaches through activity and objectivity of ethnicity. The traditional distinction between primordialist and modernist/situationist approaches is enhanced by adding the ethicist approach to the interjacent boundary. There are three core lines of distinctions between these approaches. Firstly, it is, more or less, the dis-tinction between primordiality of ethnicity and modernity of nation, not primordiality and modernity itself, which divides the discussed approaches. Secondly, most academic theories, regardless of their background, interpret the ethnicity (nation) as situational rather than objective or subjective phenomenon. Lastly, it is the scale of activity of ethnicity (activity of individuals - components - systems) which differs among the theories.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public