Dust particles of sizes between 1 micron and 100 microns from various materials have been contained with help of quadrupole field in vacuum chamber at pressures from 10^-4 to 10^-6 mbar and charged by Ar^+ ions of energies up to 3 keV as well as by electrons of energies up to 5 keV. For damping of particles motion at low
pressures the damping system with photomultipliers and feedback circuits was developed. By charging with Ar^+ ions charge-to-mass ratios up to 4 C kg^-1 were measured and dependence of maximum charge-to-mass ratio on the energy of ions was studied. Measurements of parameters of secondary electron emission by charging with electrons at different chamber pressures were started.
Atomic nuclei are objects with a complicated internal structure but many aspects of their behavior can be understood in terms of relatively simple models. Since early times in nuclear physics many nuclear models have been developed. Among them, two basic types are of special importance. The shell model which converts the nuclear many-body problem to the independent movement of particles in a potential well, and the collective model which describes low energy excitations as the manifestation of the coherent motion of nucleons. In the article we review, in a nutshell, basic ideas which significantly influenced our understanding of nuclear phenomena., Atómové jadrá sú komplexné objekty so zaujímavými vlastnosťami a bohatou vnútornou štruktúrou, Dôležité informácie o dejoch vnútri jadier sa dozvedáme zo štúdia ich spektier a skúmaním jadrových reakcií. Pochopenie dejov vnútri jadier je nevyhnutnou podmienkou pre ich využitie v jadrovej energetike, medicínskych aplikáciách ale aj pre porozumenie procesom produkcie prvkov vo hviezdach., and František Knapp.