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Start Over Coverage 3-15 Format svazek

2. Changes of Czech law demonstrated by corpus evidence

Creator:
Cvrček, František, Pala, Karel, and Rychlý, Pavel
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
law texts, collocations, quantitative analysis, law text amendments, právní texty, kolokace, kvantitativní analýza, and novely právních textů
Language:
Czech
Description:
This paper compares the state of Czech legal order before and after the reform of the Private law. The analysis is based on the linguistic investigation of corpora containing legal texts. We analyze two corpora of Czech legal texts and show the relation between the changes (amendments and modifications) in the wording of law acts and their transparency. Our work explores changes on the level of words, collocations and legal terms. The tools used in this research are the corpus manager Manatee/Bonito with integrated Word Sketch Engine and Czech morphological analyzer Majka. Our results thus obtained lead us to conclude that the functionality of the Czech legal system is under threat from its own opacity and obfuscation. and V článku předkládáme porovnání stavu českého právního systému před reformou soukromého práva a po ní, které je založeno na zkoumání korpusů obsahujících právní texty. Zkoumáme dva korpusy českých právních textů a demonstrujeme vztah mezi změnami v textech zákonů a jejich transparentností. Zkoumáme tedy změny na úrovni jednotlivých slov, kolokací a právních termínů a rovněž i jejich počty a frekvence. Nástroje, s nimiž tu pracujeme, jsou korpusový manažer Manatee/Bonito s integrovaným vytvářením slovních profilů (Word Sketch Engine) a morfologický analyzátor Majka. Takto získané výsledky přesvědčivě prokazují, že analyzované změny ohrožují funkcionalitu českého právního systému.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

3. Construction of master recession curve using genetic algorithms

Creator:
Gregor, Miloš and Malík, Peter
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
recession analysis, master recession curve, hybrid genetic algorithms, evolutional algorithms, HydroOffice, analýza výtokových čiar, reprezentatívna výtoková čiara, hybridné genetické algoritmy, and evolučné algoritmy
Language:
Slovak
Description:
The article describes a new methodology of using genetic algorithms to assemble a natural time series of discharge recession, from which a master recession curve can be interpreted both for streams and for springs. Presented approach can avoid obstacles such as limited time-series datasets, incomplete recessions or too many recessionary segments in many recession series, different time intervals of observations (daily or weekly frequencies). Short time–series intervals, imprecise or mistaken measurements and different types of datasets (averaged or directly measured data) are taken into account as well. Even rough measurements of discharges with inaccurate sensing range can be analysed, if sufficiently long observation is available. Complicated hydrograph shapes in the case of e.g. karstic springs (often caused by combination of laminar and turbulent discharge sub-regimes due to karst network settings) can be processed as well. Subsequent construction of master recession curve is much easier an offers better conditions for its interpretation. Presented algorithm was already implemented to a programme solution, completed on the user form. and Článok opisuje novú metodiku využitia genetických algoritmov pre kompozíciu úplných a prirodzených časových radov poklesu prietokov na povrchových tokoch alebo výdatností prameňov v čase bez dopĺňania hydrologických systémov/infiltračných oblastí, ktoré možno následne interpretovať výtokovou čiarou. Prezentovaná metodika umožňuje prekonanie častých problémov, akými sú krátke alebo nekompletné časové rady, neúplne zaznamenané výtokové procesy alebo naopak príliš mnoho segmentov v množstve čiastkových poklesových radov, rozdielne (denné alebo týždenné) intervaly pozorovaní, nepresné alebo chybné merania, alebo rozdielne typy údajov (priemerné alebo priamo merané hodnoty). Ak sú k dispozícii pozorovania z dostatočne dlhého časového intervalu, metóda umožňuje aj spracovanie pozorovaní s vysokou mierou nepresnosti odčítania hodnôt prietokov alebo výdatností. Komplikované tvary hydrogramov, aké sú časté najmä v prípadoch krasových prameňov (často spôsobované kombináciou účinku laminárnych a turbulentných subrežimov v dôsledku zložitej štruktúry krasových obehových ciest) taktiež nepredstavujú problém pri automatizovanom skladaní výtokových časových radov. Následné zostavenie výtokových čiar je potom oveľa jednoduchšie a poskytuje lepšie podmienky pri ich interpretácii. Prezentovaný algoritmus bol už realizovaný v rámci programového riešenia, zostaveného do užívateľskej podoby, takže opísanú metódu možno aplikovať aj bez znalostí programovania.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

4. Contribution of stem CO2 fixation to whole-plant carbon balance in nonsucculent species

Creator:
Ávila, E., Herrera, A., and Tezara, W.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fotosyntéza, photosynthesis, carbon balance, CO2 reassimilation, green stem, stem net photosynthesis, stem photosynthesis, stem recycling photosynthesis, 2, and 581
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
In many plant species that remain leafless part of the year, CO2 fixation occurring in green stems represents an important carbon gain. Traditionally, a distinction has been made between stem photosynthesis and corticular photosynthesis. All stem photosynthesis is, sensu stricto, cortical, since it is carried out largely by the stem cortex. We proposed the following nomenclature: stem net photosynthesis (SNP), which includes net CO2 fixation by stems with stomata in the epidermis and net corticular CO2 fixation in suberized stems, and stem recycling photosynthesis (SRP), which defines CO2 ling in suberized stems. The proposed terms should reflect differences in anatomical and physiological traits. SNP takes place in the chlorenchyma below the epidermis with stomata, where the net CO2 uptake occurs, and it resembles leaf photosynthesis in many characteristics. SRP is found in species where the chlorenchyma is beneath a well-developed stomata-free periderm and where reassimilation of internally respired CO2 occurs. SNP is common in plants from desert ecosystems, rates reaching up to 60% of the leaf photosynthetic rate. SRP has been demonstrated in trees from temperate forests and it offsets partially a carbon loss by respiration of stem nonphotosynthetic tissues. Reassimilation can vary between 7 and 123% of respired CO2, the latter figure implying net CO2 uptake from the atmosphere. Both types of stem photosynthesis contribute positively to the carbon economy of the species, in which they occur; they are advantageous to the plant because they allow the maintenance of physiological activity during stress, an increase of integrated water use efficiency, and they provide the carbon source used in the production of new organs., E. Ávila, A. Herrera, W. Tezara., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

5. Fodor on causes of mentalese symbols

Creator:
Aytekin, Tevfik and Sayan, Erdinç
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
causal theory of content, naturalistic semantics, asymmetric dependence, causal law, and operative causes
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Jerry Fodor’s causal theory of content is a well-known naturalistic attempt purporting to show that Brentano was wrong in supposing that physical states cannot possess meaning and reference. Fodor’s theory contains two crucial elements: one is a notion of ''asymmetric dependence between nomic relations'', and the other is an assumption about the nature of the ''causally operative properties'' involved in the causation of mental tokens. Having dealt elsewhere with the problems Fodor’s notion of asymmetric dependence poses, we show in this paper a difficulty with the other element of his theory concerning what kinds of properties are the causally operative ones in the tokenings of a semantic symbol in the brain of a perceiver. After presenting this difficulty, we examine three possible responses a Fodorian might make to our criticism., Kauzální teorie obsahu Jerryho Fodora je známým naturalistickým pokusem, který ukazuje, že Brentano se mýlil v domněnce, že fyzické stavy nemohou mít smysl a odkaz. Fodorova teorie obsahuje dva klíčové elementy: jeden je představa o ''asymetrické závislosti mezi nomic vztahy'', a jiný je předpoklad o povaze ''kauzálně operativních vlastností'' zahrnutý v příčině duševních tokenů. Když jsme se zabývali problémy s Fodorovým pojetím asymetrické závislosti, ukázali jsme v tomto článku problém s dalším prvkem jeho teorie týkajícím se toho, jaké vlastnosti jsou kauzálně operativní v tokenech sémantického symbolu v mozku vnímatele. . Poté, co představíme tento problém, zkoumáme tři možné reakce, které by Fodorian mohl učinit pro naši kritiku., and Tevfik Aytekin ; Erdinç Sayan
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

6. Osobní a přivlastňovací zájmena v češtině pro cizince: komplexnost a simplifikace v zrcadle současného úzu

Creator:
Hudousková, Andrea
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
corpus SYN2010, Czech for foreigners, personal pronouns on/ono, possessive pronouns můj/tvůj /svůj, korpus SYN2010, čeština pro cizince, osobní zájmena on/ono, and přivlastňovací zájmena můj/tvůj/svůj
Language:
Czech
Description:
The present paper focuses on variant forms of personal pronouns on/ono (he/it) and possessive pronouns můj/tvůj/svůj (my/your/oneself's) from the perspective of teaching Czech as a foreign language. The paradigm of these pronouns is characterized by the coexistence of variant forms, which the foreign students have to face at the very beginning of learning Czech. Hence, the textbooks of Czech attempt to reduce the number of variants in order to simplify the complexity of paradigms. On the basis of the data from the synchronic written corpus of Czech SYN2010, the paper aims to find out the frequency and distribution of variant forms in current Czech and to make conclusions with respect to the presentation of pronominal paradigms in Czech for foreigners, which should meet the requirement of adequacy and simplicity and favour frequent and progressive forms.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

7. Peníze, osobní autonomie, občanství. Vliv programu Bolsa Família na zúčastněné

Creator:
Pinzani, Alessandro and Walquíria, Leão Rêgo
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
sociologie, peníze, chudoba, občanství, money, poverty, citizenship, autonomy, Bolsa Familía, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
The paper briefly presents the results of a five-year field research project (2006 to 2011) studying the moral and political transformations amongst extremely poor women participating in the Brazilian Programa Bolsa Família (PBF). Our fundamental hypothesis was that regular monetary income would generate individual growth and an increase in personal autonomy and political inclusion. We analyse the interviews by way of a phenomenology of poverty in Brazil., Alessandro Pinzani, Leão Rêgo Walquíria., and Obsahuje použitou literaturu
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

8. Prediction of water quality in the Danube River under extreme hydrological and temperature conditions

Creator:
Pekárová, Pavla, Onderka, Milan, Pekár, Ján, Rončák, Peter, and Miklánek, Pavol
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Danube River, water quality, SARIMA models, simulation, Dunaj, kvalita vody, modely SARIMA, and simulácia
Language:
Slovak
Description:
The main objective of this study is to develop a model procedure for predicting low flows for a large set of gauged basins located in the Rhine-Meuse area. The methodology is primarily based on the analysis of recession curves, river discharges being essentially provided by groundwater flow during drought period. Our objective is to use recession coefficients in order to calibrate base flow predictions coming out from a groundwater reservoir. Problems related to the temporal variability of recession coefficients are discussed. We come to the conclusion that lows flows prediction can be improved by implementing a new groundwater reservoir into the RR model based on our knowledge of low flow processes. and Jednou z požiadaviek Rámcovej smernice o vode (WFD, 2000/60/EC) je analýza trendov a dlhodobá predpoveď vývoja znečistenia povrchových tokov. Pri odhade vývoja znečistenia toku je potrebné brať do úvahy nielen možné zdroje znečistenia, ale je potrebné uvažovať aj s vývojom množstva vody v tokoch a so zvyšovaním teploty tokov v dôsledku očakávanej klimatickej zmeny a zmeny vo využívaní vodných zdrojov. V príspevku je analyzovaný vývoj mesačných koncentrácií vybraných ukazovateľov kvality vody v toku Dunaja v stanici Bratislava (napr. Chl-a, Ca, EC, SO4 2-, Cl- , O2, BSK5, N-celk, PO4-P, NO3-N, NO2-N a pod.) za obdobie r. 1991-2005. Za účelom dlhodobej predpovede koncentrácií každého ukazovateľa kvality vody sme na základe štatistických testov vybrali najlepší autoregresný Box-Jenkinsov model s dvoma regresormi: 1. prietokmi a 2. teplotami vody. Scenáre pre mesačné prietoky a mesačné teploty vody boli vytvorené pre tri stavy: i) priemerné podmienky - medián prietokov a teploty vody; ii) nízke prietoky a vysoké teploty vody; a iii) vysoké prietoky a nízke teploty vody. Tieto scenárové podmienky boli vypočítané z denných údajov z obdobia 1931-2005 ako percentily (1. percentil, medián, 99. percentil). Použijúc tieto scenáre sme vybranými Box-Jenkinsovými modelmi s dvoma regresormi simulovali extrémne mesačné hodnoty vybraných ukazovateľom kvality vody v Dunaji pre extrémne hydrologické a teplotné podmienky.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

9. Rozpady kohabitací, rozvody manželství: jiné a/nebo stejné sociální fenomény?

Creator:
Marta Vohlídalová and Hana Maříková
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
gender, rodina, rozvodovost, partnerský výběr, partnerské vztahy, manželství, family, divorce, mate selection, partner relationships, marriage, unmarried couples, statistical analysis, nesezdaná soužití, statistická analýza, unmarried cohabitation, partnership instability, 18, and 316.8
Language:
Czech
Description:
Data on divorces are gathered by the Czech Statistical Office and thus widely accessible and well known, but much less information is available about the stability of unmarried cohabitations. This paper focuses on the differences between marriage and unmarried cohabitations in terms of their stability. The authors study the impact of various factors on the stability of marriages and unmarried cohabitations taking into account the different socio -demographic indicators. To explain this phenomenon they use various theoretical approaches emphasizing different factors of partnership instability (from socializing factors to premarital cohabitation, values, education and gender, to factors based on the theory of rational choice). The analysis identified factors that operate in the same manner within both marriages and unmarried cohabitations (e.g. children in the partnership, experience with the previous partnership break-ups) as well as factors that play a different role in the stability of marriages and unmarried cohabitations (e.g. education, duration of partnership, generation). The paper is based on quantitative data from the survey ‘Life-course 2010’, which included 4010 respondents. The authors used the event history approach in their analysis which enabled them to track the dependences of the variables in time., Marta Vohlídalová, Hana Maříková., 1 graf, 1 tabulka, Poznámky na str. 14-15 (14), Biografické poznámky o autorkách článku na str. 15, Obsahuje bibliografii, and Resumé o klíčová slova anglicky na str. 3
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

10. Soil water - main water resources for terrestrial ecosystems of the biosphere

Creator:
Gusev, Yeugeniy and Novák, Viliam
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
soil water, evapotranspiration, evaporation, transpiration, life, biosphere, pôdna voda, evapotranspirácia, výpar, transpirácia, život, and biosféra
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Water resources are usually treated as potential resources, directly exploitable by human population on the Earth. Among them, surface water and groundwater can be effectively managed for operational use. Soil water which belongs to the class of subsurface water represents the major volume of terrestrial water resources. The concept of soil water resources as a water source for biosphere was introduced recently by Budagovsky (1985) and is related to the fact, that the soil water is the most important factor of the existence and development of terrestrial vegetation. As a measure of soil water resources, Budagovsky proposed the evapotranspiration rate from the land surface during the frostless period representing the sum of water evaporation by soil and transpiration from stomata of the leaves of terrestrial plants. The primary importance of soil water is in its role as a source of water for biosphere, for the first stage of trophic chain on the Earth. In this review, the role of soil water in biotic and abiotic cycle on the Earth is discussed. Possible directions of the future study of soil water resources in relation to the environment are proposed. and Za zdroje vody na Zemi sa považujú spravidla tie potenciálne zdroje, ktoré môžu byť využité ľudstvom priamo. Priamo môžu byť využité povrchové a podzemné vody. Najväčší objem vody súše na Zemi je reprezentovaný vodami podpovrchovými. Budagovskij (1985) navrhol koncepciu pôdnych vôd ako zdroja vody pre biosféru; táto koncepcia je založená na skutočnosti, že pôdne vody sú najvýznamnejším zdrojom vody pre suchozemskú vegetáciu. Ako mieru zdrojov pôdnej vody Budagovskij navrhol evapotranspiráciu z pevniny počas bezmrazového obdobia, ako súčet výparu z pôdy a transpirácie cez prieduchy suchozemských rastlín. Najvýznamnejšou úlohou vody v pôde je to, že je zdrojom vody pre biosféru, pre prvú časť trofického reťazca na Zemi. Táto práca pojednáva o úlohe vody v pôde v biotickom a abiotickom cykle na Zemi. Sú naznačené tiež možné smery výskumu zdrojov vody v pôde v kontexte k biosfére.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public