Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a serious condition of
unclear pathogenesis and progression. Two samples were
collected from 48 patients during AAA surgery. One sample was
collected from the aneurysm, the other from the aneurysm
proximal neck where the tissue did not exhibit any aneurysmal
changes. Subsequently, gene expression profiles using
microarrays (Illumina) were compared in RNA extracted from the
samples. Overall, 2,185 genes were found to be upregulated and
2,100 downregulated; from which 158 genes had a different
expression with FDR<0.05 (False Discovery Rate) and FC≥2 (Fold
Change). Of this number, 115 genes were over-expressed and
43 under-expressed. The analysis of the gene list based on their
biological pathways revealed that the regulation of inflammation
was mediated by chemokine and cytokine signaling pathways,
the integrin signaling pathway, and T and B cell activation.
Moreover, a change was identified in the expression of genes
involved in both intercellular and intracellular signaling systems.
A variant of Alexandrov theorem is proved stating that a compact, subadditive $D$-poset valued mapping is continuous. Then the measure extension theorem is proved for MV-algebra valued measures.
The paper deals with a difference equation arising from the scalar pantograph equation via the backward Euler discretization. A case when the solution tends to zero but after reaching a certain index it loses this tendency is discussed. We analyse this problem and estimate the value of such an index. Furthermore, we show that the utilized proof technique enables us to investigate some other numerical formulae, too.