From mature needles of white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss we isolated thylakoids capable of high rates of oxygen evolution. Oxygen-evolving activity of spruce thylakoids was labile in the absence of osmoticum and declined by 40 % during 1 h on ice, compared to a 9 % dechne observed in spinách thylakoids. We compared the relative activity in spruce and spinách of the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) and the reaction centre in Triton X-100 fractionated membranes prepared and stored for 20 or 240 h at 0 or -80 °C in media with different combinations of sucrose (0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 M) and two pH values (6.0 and 7.6). In membranes detergent- fractionated and stored at pH 7.6, photosystem 2 (PS2) activity (H2O -> DCIP) was sensitive to sucrose concentration of the medium. Spruce and spinách membranes prepared and stored in 0.3 M sucrose and pH 7.6, showed 22 and 48 % activity of their respective control membranes, freshly prepared in 1 M sucrose at pH 6.0. In contrast, in membranes prepared and stored at pH 6.0, PS2 activity was less sensitive to sucrose concentration: spruce and spinách membranes in 0.3 M sucrose showed 73 and 88 % (respectively) of the activity of membranes freshly prepared in 1 M sucrose. In both species, the degree of stimulation of DCIP photoreduction by diphenylcarbazide suggested minimal damage to the reaction centre (RC) except during preparation in 0.3 M sucrose, pH 7.6. Since the spruce RCs were not more labile than those of spinách, the extra sensitivity of spruce thylakoids in media of low sucrose concentration was likely due to extra lability of the OEC.
The paper focuses on the field of new borrowings from the English language to the Czech, Russian and Bulgarian languages. It analyses the influence the huge amounts of loan-words, borrowed from English in the last 20 years, might have on the receiving languages. It inquires whether these loan-words can influence the typology of the receiving languages and to what extent. In this way, within the research of synchronous dynamics, the work contributes to the study of innovation processes, conditioned by the interlingual contacts.