Let X be a Banach space and T be a bounded linear operator on X. We denote by S(T) the set of all complex λ ∈ C such that T does not have the single-valued extension property at λ. In this note we prove equality up to S(T) between the left Drazin spectrum, the upper semi-B-Fredholm spectrum and the semi-essential approximate point spectrum. As applications, we investigate generalized Weyl’s theorem for operator matrices and multiplier operators.
Examination of a total of 581 fish specimens of 15 species from 39 cenotes (sinkholes) in the Yucatan Peninsula, southeastern Mexico, revealed the presence of 10 species of adult trematodes. These were as follows: Saccocoelioides sogandaresi Lumsden, 1963, Saccocoelinides sp. (family Haploporidae), Cichlasotrema ujati Pineda et Andrade, 1989 (Angiodictyidae), Crassicutis cichlasomae Manter, 1936 (Homalometridae), Magnivitellinum simplex Kloss, 1966 (Macroderoididae), Stunkardiel-la minima (Stunkard, 1938) (Acanthostomidae), Oligogonotylus manieri Watson, 1976 (Cryptogonimidae), Genarchella tropica (Manter, 1936), G. astyanactis (Watson, 1976), and G. isabellae (Lamothe-Argumedo, 1977) (Derogenidae). Saccocoelioides sogandaresi is reported from Mexico for the first time. Poecilia velifera and P. latipunctata for S. sogandaresi, Cichlasoma octo-fasciatum for C. cichlasomae, Cichlasoma friedrichslahli and C. meeki for O. manieri, and C. meeki, C. octofasciatum and Go-hiomorus dormitor for C. isabellae represent new host records. Most species found are described and figured and their host range
Microsporidia are eukaryotic, obligate intracellular organisms defined by their small spores containing a single polar tube that coils around the interior of the spore. After appropriate stimuli the germination of spores occurs. Conditions that promote germination vary widely among species, presumably reflecting the organism’s adaptation to their host and external environment as well as preventing accidental discharge in the environment. It appears that calcium may be a key ion in this process. Regardless of the stimuli required for activation, all microsporidia exhibit the same response to the stimuli, that is, increasing the intrasporal osmotic pressure. This results in an influx of water into the spore accompanied by swelling of the polaroplasts and posterior vacuole. The polar tube then discharges from the anterior pole of the spore in an explosive reaction and is thought to form a hollow tube by a process of eversion. If the polar tube is discharged next to a cell, it can pierce the cell and transfer the sporoplasm into this cell. Polar tubes resist dissociation in detergents and acids but dissociate in dithiothreitol. We have developed a method for the purification of polar tube proteins (PTPs) using differential extraction followed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This method was used to purify for subsequent characterization PTPs from Glugea americanus, Encephalitozoon cuniculit E. hellem and E. intestinalis. These proteins appear to be members of a protein family that demonstrate conserved characteristics in solubility, hydrophobicity, mass, proline content and immunologic epitopes. These characteristics are probably important in the function of this protein in its self assembly during the eversion of the polar tube and in providing elasticity and resiliency for sporoplasm passage.
Photosynthetic and respirátory electron transfers in cyanobacteria not only serve the bioenergetic needs of these prokaryotes during day and night time. The common use of the plastoquinone pool and the cytochrome (cyt) complex also establishes possibilities for sharing photosystem (PS) 2 plus dehydrogenases at the donor side and cyt c oxidase plus PSI at the acceptor side. Given metabolic conditions and radiant energy supply, the available choices may give rise to unusual combinations of connected electron transfer activities, for example PS2 and cyt c oxidase. In vivo measurements of energy storage in PSI cyclic photophosphorylation via photoacoustic spectroscopy, and of the P700 redox statě via absorbance changes at 820 nm detected with the pulse amplitudě modulation technique (PAM), as well as of PS2 fluorescence yield, all in the absence or presence of the cyt c oxidase inhibitor KCN were combined to demonstrate that the two pathways at the acceptor side communicate in vivo. This type of regulation serves proper poising of electron flow through and around PSI. The impaired cyt c oxidase activity (in this study achieved by addition of KCN) prevents a truly oxidized statě of P700 to be reached, which hampers electron passage from PS2. The relative overreduction of PS 1 in the KCN intoxicated samples reduces the electron flow directed to biosynthesis. The results illustrate the versatility of the P700 redox statě measurements at 820 nm as a means to study in vivo electron fluxes in cyanobacteria.
Secreted anterior adhesives, used for temporary attachment to epithelial surfaces of fishes (skin and gills) by some monogenean (platyhelminth) parasites have been partially characterised. Adhesive is composed of protein. Amino acid composition has been determined for seven monopisthocotylean monogeneans. Six of these belong to the Monocotylidae and one species, Entobdella soleae (van Beneden et Hesse, 1864) Johnston, 1929, is a member of the Capsalidae. Histochemistry shows that the adhesive does not contain polysaccharides, including acid mucins, or lipids. The adhesive before secretion and in its secreted form contains no dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa). Secreted adhesive is highly insoluble, but has a soft consistency and is mechanically removable from glass surfaces. Generally there are high levels of glycine and alanine, low levels of tyrosine and methionine, and histidine is often absent. However, amino acid content varies between species, the biggest differences evident when the monocotylid monogeneans were compared with E. soleae. Monogenean adhesive shows similarity in amino acid profile with adhesives from starfish, limpets and barnacles. However, there are some differences in individual amino acids in the temporary adhesive secretions of, on the one hand, the monogeneans and, on the other hand, the starfish and limpets. These differences may reflect the fact that monogeneans, unlike starfish and barnacles, attach to living tissue (tissue adhesion). A method of extracting unsecreted adhesive was investigated for use in further characterisation studies on monogenean glues.
The paper extends the results given by M. Křížek and L. Somer, {\it On a connection of number theory with graph theory}, Czech. Math. J. 54 (129) (2004), 465--485 (see [5]). For each positive integer $n$ define a digraph $\Gamma (n)$ whose set of vertices is the set $H=\{0,1,\dots ,n - 1\}$ and for which there is a directed edge from $a\in H$ to $b\in H$ if $a^3\equiv b\pmod n.$ The properties of such digraphs are considered. The necessary and the sufficient condition for the symmetry of a digraph $\Gamma (n)$ is proved. The formula for the number of fixed points of $\Gamma (n)$ is established. Moreover, some connection of the length of cycles with the Carmichael $\lambda $-function is presented.
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of different vegetation on the distribution of rainfall (due to throughfall and stemflow), water regime, and Al and SO4 2- leaching from forest soils. The water flow and Al and SO4 2- transport were modeled using HYDRUS-1D. The study was performed at two elevation transects on the Paličník and Smědava Mountain in Jizera mountains. Podzols and Cambisols were prevailing soil units in this area. It was shown that the effect of the precipitation redistribution on water regime was considerable in the beech forest, while it was almost negligible in the spruce forest. Redistribution of precipitation under trees caused runoff (in one case), increased water discharge through the soil profile bottom, reduction of water storage in the soil, and thus reduction of root water uptake. Simulated Al leaching from the soil profile was determined mainly by the initial Al content in the soil profile bottom. Leaching of SO4 2- was mainly determined by its initial content in the soil and to a lesser extent by redistributed precipitation and SO4 2- deposition.
The goal of the article is to present in short the history and character of the songs included in the so called „Prague collection“, the biggest preserved collection of ethnographic sources from the German language regions of the former Czechoslovak Republic. The collection contains scores of folk songs, texts of legends, theatrical plays, the ritual folklore, notes on various dialects, local names etc., and also a big set of old photographs and other iconographical material. In present - after the basic archival Processing - the collection contains 76 boxes and is preserved, under the label FNO („Fond německých oblastí“, i. e. Fund of German regions) in the Ethnological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. The „Prague collection“ came to being infour timeperiods: 1894-1900, 1906-1918 (the biggest part), 1922-1938, and the last part during the World War II. Until the end of the 1980's it was practically inaccessible, primarily out of the political reasons. Only in the next decade it became the object of Scientific research and simultaneously, because of its damaged state, also object of the work of restoration. After its inventory was made, the subsequent processing, especially the cataloguing of songs, was realized within the framework of the Joint project of the Ethnological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and the Deutsches Volksarchiv in Freiburg im Freisgau. The project was financed by the foundation of the Volkswagen company. The result of the project was the preservation of the collection, restoration of the sources, the making of an inventory with the index of localities of origin and the names of collectors, making of copies of the sources and analysis of ali the scores. Precisely to the scores is dedicated the second part of the present article. In its final part the author outlines the fields of study that can use this collection as a unique source base. Even though the Scientific analysis o f the „Prague collection“ has not been completed yet and the majority of the sources waits for publication, it is obvious its extraordinary cultural value and cultural-political importance.
This paper concerns a fragment of written inheritance left behind by professor of physics at the former German University in Prague Reinhold H. Fürth (1893-1979) acquired by the Masaryk Institute and the Archive of the Czech Academy of Sciences in Prague in 2016., Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy, and Překlad resumé: Paul Sinclair